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How to remove detector side channel attacks has been a notoriously hard problem in quantum cryptography. Here, we propose a simple solution to this problem---*measurement* device independent quantum key distribution. It not only removes all…

量子物理 · 物理学 2012-05-30 Hoi-Kwong Lo , Marcos Curty , Bing Qi

The measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI QKD) was proposed to make BB84 completely free from any side-channel in detectors. Like in prepare & measure QKD, the use of other protocols in MDI setting would be…

量子物理 · 物理学 2014-06-23 Akihiro Mizutani , Kiyoshi Tamaki , Rikizo Ikuta , Takashi Yamamoto , Nobuyuki Imoto

We propose two quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols based on Bell's inequality, which can be considered as modified time-reversed E91 protocol. Similar to the measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2014-07-29 Hua-Lei Yin , Yao Fu , Yan-Lin Tang , Yuan Li , Teng-Yun Chen , Zeng-Bing Chen

Transmitter-device-dependence is a longstanding but often implicit problem in quantum key distribution (QKD), as compared to measurement-device-dependence. One-sided device-independent (1sDI) scenario relaxes the security conditions of DI…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-30 Qiang Zeng , Abhishek Mishra , Haoyang Wang , Zhiliang Yuan

The method of improving the performance of continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols by post-selection has been recently proposed and verified. In continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-04-30 Yijia Zhao , Yi-Chen Zhang , Bingjie Xu , Song Yu , Hong Guo

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) enables information-theoretically secure key exchange between remote parties without any assumptions on the internal workings of the devices used for its implementation. However, its…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-11-20 Makoto Ishihara , Anthony Brendan , Wojciech Roga , Ulrik L. Andersen , Masahiro Takeoka

A recently proposed fully passive QKD removes all source modulator side channels. In this work, we combine the fully passive sources with MDI-QKD to remove simultaneously side channels from source modulators and detectors. We show a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-12-07 Jinjie Li , Wenyuan Wang , Hoi-Kwong Lo

In free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) between moving parties, e.g., free-space QKD via satellite, the reference frame rotation and fluctuation degrades the performance of QKD. Reference-frame-independent QKD (RFI-QKD) provides a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-03-27 Juhwan Yoon , Tanumoy Pramanik , Byung Kwon Park , Sang-Wook Han , Sangin Kim , Yong-Su Kim , Sung Moon

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic security and satellite-based quantum key distribution (SatQKD) has demonstrated the potential to extend this communication security to intercontinental scales. However,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-19 Yaoxuan Yang , Ivi Afxenti , Majid Safari

Quantum digital signatures (QDSs), which distribute and measure quantum states by key generation protocols and then sign messages via classical data processing, are a key area of interest in quantum cryptography. However, the practical…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-07-16 Jing-Wei Bian , Bing-Hong Li , Yuan-Mei Xie , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) was originally proposed as a means to address the issue of detector side-channel attacks and enable finite secure key rates over longer distances. However, the asymmetric…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-02-18 Nilesh Sharma , Shashank Kumar Ranu , Prabha Mandayam , Anil Prabhakar

Device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) can permit the superior security even with unknown devices. In practice, however, the realization of device-independent QKD is technically challenging because of its low noise tolerance. In…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-03-22 Feihu Xu , Yu-Zhe Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

The time-reversed version of entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD), called measurement-device-independent QKD (mdiQKD), was originally introduced to close arbitrary security loopholes of measurement devices. Here we show that…

量子物理 · 物理学 2014-08-14 Koji Azuma , Kiyoshi Tamaki , William J. Munro

Reference frame independent quantum key distribution (RFI-QKD) has gained widespread attention due to the unique advantage for practical application, as it circumvents the need for active reference frame alignment within the system.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-05-28 Ziran Xie , Zhiyu Tian , Shihai Sun

The statistical fluctuations in free-space links in the turbulent atmosphere are important for the distribution of quantum signals. To that end, we first study statistics generated by the turbulent atmosphere in an entanglement based…

量子物理 · 物理学 2013-02-01 C. Erven , B. Heim , E. Meyer-Scott , J. P. Bourgoin , R. Laflamme , G. Weihs , T. Jennewein

We perform a proof-of-principle demonstration of the measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol using weak coherent states and polarization-encoded qubits over two optical fiber links of 8.5 km each. Each…

Recently some alternatives of the measurement device independent quantum key distribution(MDI-QKD) based on the single-photon Bell state measurement (SBSM) have been proposed. Although these alternatives are not precisely as secure as…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-05-06 Wen-Ye Liang , Mo Li , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Wei Chen , Shuang Wang , Xue-Bi An , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

Quantum cryptographic conferencing (QCC) allows sharing secret keys among multiple distant users and plays a crucial role in quantum networks. Because of the fragility and low generation rate of genuine multipartite entangled states…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-02-04 Yifeng Du , Yufeng Liu , Chengdong Yang , Xiaodong Zheng , Shining Zhu , Xiao-song Ma

Quantum coin tossing (QCT) is an important primitive of quantum cryptography and has received continuous interest. However, in practical QCT, Bob's detectors can be subjected to detector-side channel attacks launched by dishonest Alice,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-01-01 Liangyuan Zhao , Zhenqiang Yin , Shuang Wang , Wei Chen , Hua Chen , Guangcan Guo , Zhengfu Han

We consider two remote parties connected to a relay by two quantum channels. To generate a secret key, they transmit coherent states to the relay, where the states are subject to a continuous-variable (CV) Bell detection. We study the ideal…