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The massive scale and growth of textual biomedical data have made its indexing and classification increasingly important. However, existing research on this topic mainly utilized convolutional and recurrent neural networks, which generally…

This research on data extraction methods applies recent advances in natural language processing to evidence synthesis based on medical texts. Texts of interest include abstracts of clinical trials in English and in multilingual contexts.…

Supervised learning-based segmentation methods typically require a large number of annotated training data to generalize well at test time. In medical applications, curating such datasets is not a favourable option because acquiring a large…

As research interests in medical image analysis become increasingly fine-grained, the cost for extensive annotation also rises. One feasible way to reduce the cost is to annotate with coarse-grained superclass labels while using limited…

High-quality labeled data is essential to successfully train supervised machine learning models. Although a large amount of unlabeled data is present in the medical domain, labeling poses a major challenge: medical professionals who can…

Multi-label classification is a widely encountered problem in daily life, where an instance can be associated with multiple classes. In theory, this is a supervised learning method that requires a large amount of labeling. However,…

Medical image analysis using deep learning is often challenged by limited labeled data and high annotation costs. Fine-tuning the entire network in label-limited scenarios can lead to overfitting and suboptimal performance. Recently, prompt…

Manually labeled corpora are expensive to create and often not available for low-resource languages or domains. Automatic labeling approaches are an alternative way to obtain labeled data in a quicker and cheaper way. However, these labels…

Existing text classification methods mainly focus on a fixed label set, whereas many real-world applications require extending to new fine-grained classes as the number of samples per label increases. To accommodate such requirements, we…

Text segmentation is a challenging vision task with many downstream applications. Current text segmentation methods require pixel-level annotations, which are expensive in the cost of human labor and limited in application scenarios. In…

For the task of fine-grained entity typing (FET), due to the use of a large number of entity types, it is usually considered too costly to manually annotating a training dataset that contains an ample number of examples for each type. A…

Annotated data has become the most important bottleneck in training accurate machine learning models, especially for areas that require domain expertise. A recent approach to deal with the above issue proposes using natural language…

Healthcare providers usually record detailed notes of the clinical care delivered to each patient for clinical, research, and billing purposes. Due to the unstructured nature of these narratives, providers employ dedicated staff to assign…

As the number of applications that use machine learning algorithms increases, the need for labeled data useful for training such algorithms intensifies. Getting labels typically involves employing humans to do the annotation, which directly…

Pre-trained vision-language models learn massive data to model unified representations of images and natural languages, which can be widely applied to downstream machine learning tasks. In addition to zero-shot inference, in order to better…

Modern NLP systems require high-quality annotated data. In specialized domains, expert annotations may be prohibitively expensive. An alternative is to rely on crowdsourcing to reduce costs at the risk of introducing noise. In this paper we…

Clinical coding is the task of assigning a set of alphanumeric codes, referred to as ICD (International Classification of Diseases), to a medical event based on the context captured in a clinical narrative. The latest version of ICD,…

Imperfections in data annotation, known as label noise, are detrimental to the training of machine learning models and have an often-overlooked confounding effect on the assessment of model performance. Nevertheless, employing experts to…

Active learning is an iterative labeling process that is used to obtain a small labeled subset, despite the absence of labeled data, thereby enabling to train a model for supervised tasks such as text classification. While active learning…

The rapid growth in published clinical trials makes it difficult to maintain up-to-date systematic reviews, which requires finding all relevant trials. This leads to policy and practice decisions based on out-of-date, incomplete, and biased…