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Post-processing typically takes the outputs of a Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model and applies linear statistical techniques to produce improve localized forecasts, by including additional observations, or determining systematic…

Statistical postprocessing techniques are nowadays key components of the forecasting suites in many National Meteorological Services (NMS), with for most of them, the objective of correcting the impact of different types of errors on the…

Weather prediction today is performed with numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. These are deterministic simulation models describing the dynamics of the atmosphere, and evolving the current conditions forward in time to obtain a…

应用统计 · 统计学 2020-03-18 Annette Möller , Jürgen Groß

Forecasting the weather is an increasingly data intensive exercise. Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models are becoming more complex, with higher resolutions, and there are increasing numbers of different models in operation. While the…

应用统计 · 统计学 2021-03-17 Charlie Kirkwood , Theo Economou , Henry Odbert , Nicolas Pugeault

In order to enable the transition towards renewable energy sources, probabilistic energy forecasting is of critical importance for incorporating volatile power sources such as solar energy into the electrical grid. Solar energy forecasting…

应用统计 · 统计学 2021-05-03 Benedikt Schulz , Mehrez El Ayari , Sebastian Lerch , Sándor Baran

Quantifying uncertainty in weather forecasts is critical, especially for predicting extreme weather events. This is typically accomplished with ensemble prediction systems, which consist of many perturbed numerical weather simulations, or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-03-17 Peter Grönquist , Chengyuan Yao , Tal Ben-Nun , Nikoli Dryden , Peter Dueben , Shigang Li , Torsten Hoefler

Sub-seasonal weather forecasts are becoming increasingly important for a range of socio-economic activities. However, the predictive ability of physical weather models is very limited on these time scales. We propose several post-processing…

大气与海洋物理 · 物理学 2023-06-29 Nina Horat , Sebastian Lerch

To address the uncertainty in outputs of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, ensembles of forecasts are used. To obtain such an ensemble of forecasts the NWP model is run multiple times, each time with different formulations and/or…

应用统计 · 统计学 2016-05-25 Annette Möller , Jürgen Groß

Statistical postprocessing is routinely applied to correct systematic errors of numerical weather prediction models (NWP) and to automatically produce calibrated local forecasts for end-users. Postprocessing is particularly relevant in…

Reliable forecasts of quasi-stationary, recurrent, and persistent large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns (weather regimes) are crucial for various socio-economic sectors. Despite steady progress, probabilistic weather regime…

大气与海洋物理 · 物理学 2024-04-03 Fabian Mockert , Christian M. Grams , Sebastian Lerch , Marisol Osman , Julian Quinting

Accurate marine wind forecasts are essential for safe navigation, ship routing, and energy operations, yet they remain challenging because observations over the ocean are sparse, heterogeneous, and temporally variable. We reformulate wind…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-04 Matteo Peduto , Qidong Yang , Jonathan Giezendanner , Devis Tuia , Sherrie Wang

Weather forecasting is critical for a range of human activities including transportation, agriculture, industry, as well as the safety of the general public. Machine learning models have the potential to transform the complex weather…

Numerical weather predictions (NWP) are systematically subject to errors due to the deterministic solutions used by numerical models to simulate the atmosphere. Statistical postprocessing techniques are widely used nowadays for NWP…

Nowadays, weather prediction is based on numerical weather prediction (NWP) models to produce an ensemble of forecasts. Despite of large improvements over the last few decades, they still tend to exhibit systematic bias and dispersion…

应用统计 · 统计学 2024-02-02 David Jobst , Annette Möller , Jürgen Groß

Accurate forecasts of extreme wind speeds are of high importance for many applications. Such forecasts are usually generated by ensembles of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, which however can be biased and have errors in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-12 Jakob Benjamin Wessel , Christopher A. T. Ferro , Gavin R. Evans , Frank Kwasniok

Issuing timely severe weather warnings helps mitigate potentially disastrous consequences. Recent advancements in Neural Weather Models (NWMs) offer a computationally inexpensive and fast approach for forecasting atmospheric environments on…

大气与海洋物理 · 物理学 2025-08-22 Antoine Leclerc , Erwan Koch , Monika Feldmann , Daniele Nerini , Tom Beucler

Ensemble forecast post-processing is a necessary step in producing accurate probabilistic forecasts. Conventional post-processing methods operate by estimating the parameters of a parametric distribution, frequently on a per-location or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-01 Peter Mlakar , Janko Merše , Jana Faganeli Pucer

During the last two years, tremendous progress in global data-driven weather models trained on numerical weather prediction (NWP) re-analysis data has been made. The most recent models trained on the ERA5 at 0.25{\deg} resolution…

大气与海洋物理 · 物理学 2023-09-06 John Bjørnar Bremnes , Thomas N. Nipen , Ivar A. Seierstad

Ensemble weather predictions require statistical post-processing of systematic errors to obtain reliable and accurate probabilistic forecasts. Traditionally, this is accomplished with distributional regression models in which the parameters…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-04-01 Stephan Rasp , Sebastian Lerch

Current postprocessing techniques often require separate models for each lead time and disregard possible inter-ensemble relationships by either correcting each member separately or by employing distributional approaches. In this work, we…

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