相关论文: An Introduction to Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
We discuss spontaneous symmetry breaking of open classical and quantum systems. When a continuous symmetry is spontaneously broken in an open system, a gapless excitation mode appears corresponding to the Nambu-Goldstone mode. Unlike…
We investigate the nature of spontaneous symmetry breaking in complex quantum systems by conjecturing that the maximally symmetry breaking quantum ground states are the most classical ones corresponding to an ordered phase. We make this…
In this paper, we summarize the development of the concept of emergence in physical science and propose key concepts of emergence in the form of conjectures. Our conjectures are threefold: I. A system having a broken-symmetry in membership…
We prove a strong form of spontaneous breaking of rotational symmetry for a simple model of two-dimensional crystals with random defects in thermal equilibrium at low temperature. The defects consist of isolated missing atoms.
We have calculated the ground state wave functions for a systems of multicomponent interacting fermions. We show that it describes the state with spontaneously broken chiral symmetry. In the limit of an infinitely strong interaction it…
These are intended to be review notes on emergent symmetries, i.e., symmetries which manifest themselves in specific sectors of energy in many systems. The emphasis is on the physical aspects rather than computation methods. We include some…
These lectures provide an introduction to supersymmetry phenomenology. They include an overview of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. The notion of soft breaking is explained, constraints on the standard soft breaking parameters are…
Crystalline membranes are one of the rare examples of bidimensional systems in which long-range order can stabilise an ordered phase in the thermodynamic limit. By a careful analysis of the Goldstone modes counting, we propose a symmetry…
The concept of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (SSB) represents a real breakthrough for present description of fundamental interactions by means of gauge theories. Although the underlying ideas were ancient, their formalization required a…
First, the properties of a classical model of spontaneous symmetry breakdown are analyzed. Then, the pros and cons of some pedagogical non-relativistic quantum-mechanical models, also used to illustrate spontaneous symmetry breakdown, are…
Supersymmetry plays a main role in all current thinking about superstring theory. Indeed, many remarkable properties of string theory have been explained using supersymmetry as a tool. In this dissertation, we review the basic formulation…
The spontaneous symmetry breaking in the quantum sine-Gordon model is studied by a density matrix renormalization group. A phase diagram in the coupling constant - system size plane is obtained.
We review the usual account of the phenomena of spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB), pointing out the common misunderstandings surrounding the issue, in particular within the context of quantum field theory. In fact, the common explanations…
Treating the gravitational field as a dynamical field, we study the spontaneous symmetry breaking induced by a scalar field under its self-interaction and non-minimal interaction with gravity in four dimensional space-time. In particular,…
We investigate the influence of spontaneous symmetry breaking on the decoherence of a many-particle quantum system. This decoherence process is analyzed in an exactly solvable model system that is known to be representative of symmetry…
The paper investigates the spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetries in gauge theories from a philosophical angle, taking into account the fact that the notion of a spontaneously broken local gauge symmetry, though widely employed in…
In supersymmetry the anomalous magnetic moment of particles belonging to the same supermultiplet is related by simple sum rules. We study the modification of these sum rules in the case of spontaneously broken N=1 global supersymmetry.
Symmetry-breaking transitions are a well-understood phenomenon of closed quantum systems in quantum optics, condensed matter, and high energy physics. However, symmetry breaking in open systems is less thoroughly understood, in part due to…
Systems with long-range interactions, such as self-gravitating clusters and magnetically confined plasmas, do not relax to the usual Boltzmann-Gibbs thermodynamic equilibrium, but become trapped in quasi-stationary states (QSS) the life…
The phenomenon of PT (parity- and time-reversal) symmetry breaking is conventionally associated with a change in the complex mode spectrum of a non-Hermitian system that marks a transition from a purely oscillatory to an exponentially…