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Wind turbine wakes are the result of the extraction of kinetic energy from the incoming atmospheric wind exerted from a wind turbine rotor. Therefore, the reduced mean velocity and enhanced turbulence intensity within the wake are affected…

As wind energy continues to expand, increased interaction between wind farms and their surroundings can be expected. Using natural snowfall to visualize the air flow in the wake of a utility-scale wind turbine at unprecedented…

This paper presents a closed-loop controller for wind farms to provide active power control services using a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics based wind plant simulator. The proposed design enhances power tracking stability and…

Atmospheric turbulent velocity fluctuations are known to increase wind turbine structural loading and accelerate wake recovery, but the impact of vortical coherent structures in the atmosphere on wind turbines has not yet been evaluated.…

Synthetic-aperture radar images and mesoscale model results show that wind-farm wakes behave very differently than single-turbine wakes, e.g. with wakes that seemingly narrow and do not disperse over long distances. In the current work, we…

A moderate-sized (8 MW) fire was modeled in a warehouse located in an urban area with diverse architecture, under wind conditions. The study investigates the impact of neighboring architecture on the wind field and the resulting effect on…

Low-fidelity analytical models of turbine wakes have traditionally been used for wind farm planning, performance evaluation, and demonstrating the utility of advanced control algorithms in increasing the annual energy production. In…

A high-order flux reconstruction method coupled with a high-order sliding mesh method is applied to analyze the performance of a ducted wind turbine at a Reynolds number of $1.25\times 10^6$. To investigate the impacts of the duct, axial…

The wake of an isolated model-scale wind turbine is analysed in a set of inflow conditions having freestream turbulence intensity between 3 % and 12 %, and integral time scales in the range of 0.1 to 10 times the convective timescale based…

Wake interactions in floating wind farms are inherently coupled to platform motion, yet most experimental studies to date neglect this two-way coupling by prescribing platform movements. This work presents a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL)…

Low-level jets (LLJs) are the wind maxima in the lowest 50 to 1000 m of atmospheric boundary layers. Due to their significant influence on the power production of wind farms it is crucial to understand the interaction between LLJs and wind…

This study proposes a novel machine learning (ML) methodology for the efficient and cost-effective prediction of high-fidelity three-dimensional velocity fields in the wake of utility-scale turbines. The model consists of an auto-encoder…

Wind farm control using dynamic concepts is a research topic that is receiving an increasing amount of interest. The main concept of this approach is that dynamic variations of the wind turbine control settings lead to higher wake…

This paper provides a review of the general experimental methodology of snow-powered flow visualization and super-large-scale particle imaging velocimetry (SLPIV), the corresponding field deployments and major scientific findings from our…

Analytical wake models need formulations to mimic the impact of wind turbines on turbulence level in the wake region. Several correlations can be found in the literature for this purpose, one of which is the formula proposed in A. Crespo,…

An extended theoretical approach is proposed to predict the average power of wind turbines in a large finite-size wind farm. The approach is based on the two-scale momentum theory proposed recently for the modelling of ideal very large wind…

A new theoretical approach is proposed to predict a practical upper limit to the efficiency of a very large wind farm. The new theory suggests that the efficiency of ideal turbines in an ideal very large wind farm depends primarily on a…

Downstream wind turbines operating behind upstream turbines face significant performance challenges due to reduced wind speeds and increased turbulence. This leads to decreased wind energy production and higher dynamic loads on downwind…

Arrays of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) can achieve larger power generation per land area than horizontal axis turbines farms, due to the positive synergy between VATs in close proximity. Theoretical wake models enable the reliable…

This paper develops a reduced-order framework for modelling the two-way coupling between gravity waves and turbulent wakes in large-scale wind farms. Linearising the non-hydrostatic Boussinesq equations and introducing simplifications…