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We have conducted a large-field simultaneous survey of $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO, and C$^{18}$O $J=1-0$ emission toward the Orion A giant molecular cloud (GMC) with a sky coverage of $\sim$ 4.4 deg$^2$ using the PMO-13.7 m millimeter-wavelength…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2020-05-06 Yuehui Ma , Hongchi Wang , Chong Li , Ji Yang

Context. The Pipe nebula is a molecular cloud that lacks star formation feedback and has a relatively simple morphology and velocity structure. This makes it an ideal target to test cloud evolution through collisions. Aims. We aim at…

The formation of stars is inextricably linked to the structure of their parental molecular clouds. Here we take a number of nearby giant molecular clouds (GMCs) and analyse their column density and mass distributions. This investigation is…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-18 D. Froebrich , J. Rowles

We present a new set of high resolution dust extinction maps of the nearby and essentially starless Pipe Nebula molecular cloud. The maps were constructed from a concerted deep near-infrared imaging survey with the ESO-VLT, ESO-NTT, CAHA…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2010-12-23 Carlos Gerardo Román-Zúñiga , João F. Alves , Charles J. Lada , Marco Lombardi

We analyse the geometry of the Pipe Nebula, drawn by the distribution ($Q$-spatial parameter) and hierarchy ($\Lambda$ spatial segregation) of column density peaks previously detected and catalogued. By analysing the mass and volume density…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2018-07-04 Emilo J. Alfaro , Carlos Román-Zúñiga

Star formation in molecular clouds is intimately linked to their internal mass distribution. We present an unprecedentedly detailed analysis of the column density structure of a high-mass, filamentary molecular cloud, namely IRDC…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-16 J. Kainulainen , S. E. Ragan , T. Henning , A. Stutz

Clouds more massive than about $10^5$ M$_\odot$ are potential sites of massive cluster formation. Studying the properties of such clouds in the early stages of their evolution offers an opportunity to test various cluster formation…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2023-03-10 Vineet Rawat , M. R. Samal , D. L. Walker , A. Zavagno , A. Tej , G. Marton , D. K. Ojha , Davide Elia , W. P. Chen , J. Jose , C Eswaraiah

The Pipe Nebula is a massive, nearby dark molecular cloud with a low star-formation efficiency which makes it a good laboratory to study the very early stages of the star formation process. The Pipe Nebula is largely filamentary, and…

The Pipe nebula is a massive, nearby, filamentary dark molecular cloud with a low star-formation efficiency threaded by a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to its main axis. It harbors more than a hundred, mostly quiescent, very…

The giant molecular cloud Orion A is the closest massive star-forming region to earth ($d\sim400$ pc). It contains the rich Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) in the North, and low-mass star-forming regions (L1641, L1647) to the South. To get a…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2018-12-20 Josefa E. Großschedl , João Alves , Stefan Meingast , Birgit Hasenberger

Multi-wavelength observations in the sub-mm regime provide information on the distribution of both the dust column density and the effective dust temperature in molecular clouds. In this study, we created high-resolution and…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2018-11-28 Birgit Hasenberger , Marco Lombardi , João Alves , Jan Forbrich , Alvaro Hacar , Charles J. Lada

We suggest that the Orion A cloud is gravitationally collapsing on large scales, and is producing the Orion Nebula Cluster due to the focusing effects of gravity acting within a finite cloud geometry. In support of this suggestion, we show…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2008-11-26 Lee Hartmann , Andreas Burkert

We report high resolution observations of the $^{12}$CO$(1\rightarrow0)$ and $^{13}$CO$(1\rightarrow0)$ molecular lines in the Carina Nebula and the Gum 31 region obtained with the 22-m Mopra telescope as part of the The Mopra Southern…

To complement the optical absorption-line survey of diffuse molecular gas in Paper I, we obtained and analyzed far ultraviolet H$_2$ and CO data on lines of sight toward stars in Cep OB2 and Cep OB3. Possible correlations between column…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 K. Pan , S. R. Federman , Y. Sheffer , B. -G. Andersson

Context: Magnetic fields can play crucial roles in high-mass star formation. Nonetheless, the significance of magnetic fields at various scales and their relationship with gas structures is largely overlooked. Aims: Our goal is to examine…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2024-06-21 Wenyu Jiao , Ke Wang , Fengwei Xu , Chao Wang , Henrik Beuther

$Aims.$ We characterize the molecular-line emission of three clouds whose star-formation rates span one order of magnitude: California, Perseus, and Orion A. $Methods.$ We use stratified random sampling to select positions representing the…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2023-11-29 M. Tafalla , A. Usero , A. Hacar

We present molecular-line observations of 94 dark cloud cores identified in the Pipe nebula through near-IR extinction mapping. Using the Arizona Radio Observatory 12m telescope, we obtained spectra of these cores in the J=1-0 transition of…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 August A. Muench , Charles J. Lada , Jill M. Rathborne , João F. Alves , M. Lombardi

We present new high resolution and dynamic range dust column density and temperature maps of the California Molecular Cloud derived from a combination of Planck and Herschel dust-emission maps, and 2MASS NIR dust-extinction maps. We used…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2017-10-25 Charles J. Lada , John A. Lewis , Marco Lombardi , João Alves

We compare the structure of star-forming molecular clouds in different regions of Orion A to determine how the column density probability distribution function (N-PDF) varies with environmental conditions such as the fraction of young…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-27 A. M. Stutz , J. Kainulainen

We have studied the opacity of dust grains at submillimeter wavelengths by estimating the optical depth from imaging at 160, 250, 350, and 500 um from the Herschel Gould Belt Survey and comparing this to a column density obtained from the…

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