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The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory comprises 300 water Cherenkov detectors, each equipped with four photomultipliers, located on the Volc\'{a}n Sierra Negra in Mexico at 4,100 masl. This observatory can detect gamma rays…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-09-04 J. Jaimes , T. Capistrán , I. Torres

We report on the measurement of the all-particle cosmic ray energy spectrum with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory in the energy range 10 to 500 TeV. HAWC is a ground based air-shower array deployed on the slopes of…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2018-03-22 HAWC Collaboration , R. Alfaro , C. Alvarez , R. Arceo , J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez , D. Avila Rojas , H. A. Ayala Solares , A. S. Barber , A. Becerril , E. Belmont-Moreno , S. Y. BenZvi , C. Brisbois , K. S. Caballero-Mora , T. Capistrán , A. Carramiñana , S. Casanova , M. Castillo , U. Cotti , J. Cotzomi , S. Coutiño de León , C. De León , E. De la Fuente , R. Diaz Hernandez , S. Dichiara , B. L. Dingus , M. A. DuVernois , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , R. W. Ellsworth , O. Enriquez-Rivera , D. W. Fiorino , H. Fleischhack , N. Fraija , J. A. García-González , A. González Muñoz , M. M. González , J. A. Goodman , Z. Hampel-Arias , J. P. Harding , A. Hernandez-Almada , J. Hinton , F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla , C. M. Hui , P. Huntemeyer , A. Iriarte , A. Jardin-Blicq , V. Joshi , S. Kaufmann , A. Lara , R. J. Lauer , D. Lennarz , H. León Vargas , J. T. Linnemann , A. L. Longinotti , G. Luis Raya , R. Luna-García , D. López-Cámara , R. López-Coto , K. Malone , S. S. Marinelli , O. Martinez , I. Martinez-Castellanos , J. Martínez-Castro , H. Martínez-Huerta , J. A. Matthews , P. Miranda-Romagnoli , E. Moreno , M. Mostafá , L. Nellen , M. Newbold , M. U. Nisa , R. Noriega-Papaqui , R. Pelayo , J. Pretz , E. G. Pérez-Pérez , Z. Ren , C. D. Rho , C. Rivière , D. Rosa-González , M. Rosenberg , E. Ruiz-Velasco , F. Salesa Greus , A. Sandoval , M. Schneider , H. Schoorlemmer , G. Sinnis , A. J. Smith , R. W. Springer , P. Surajbali , I. Taboada , O. Tibolla , K. Tollefson , I. Torres , T. N. Ukwatta , L. Villaseñor , T. Weisgarber , S. Westerhoff , J. Wood , T. Yapici , A. Zepeda , H. Zhou , J. D. Álvarez

The High altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory has been completed and began full operation in early 2015. Located at an elevation of 4,100 m near the Sierra Negra volcano in the state of Puebla, Mexico, HAWC consists of 300 water…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2019-08-13 Robert J. Lauer

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory is a ground-based air shower array designed to detect Cherenkov light produced in water by secondary particles from atmospheric air showers. In order to improve the sensitivity…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2019-09-02 Dezhi Huang

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is an air-shower array located in Mexico. It is sensitive to the highest energy photons we detect at the Earth, reaching energies of several tens of TeV. The observatory was completed…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2019-08-13 R. López-Coto

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory monitors the gamma-ray sky at energies between 100 GeV and 100 TeV with a wide field of view of $\sim 2$ steradians. A duty cycle of $\sim 90$% allows HAWC to scan two thirds of the sky…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2019-08-13 Robert J. Lauer

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is a TeV gamma-ray and cosmic-ray detector currently under construction at an altitude of 4100 m close to volcano Sierra Negra in the state of Puebla, Mexico. The HAWC observatory is an…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2019-08-13 Antonio Marinelli , Kathryne Sparks , Ruben Alfaro , María Magdalena González , Barbara Patricelli , Nissim Fraija

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is a ground-based air-shower detector designed to study the TeV gamma and cosmic ray windows. The observatory is composed of a densely packed array of $300$ water Cherenkov tanks, $4.5$ m…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2018-07-01 J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez , Z. Hampel-Arias , J. D. Álvarez

HAWC is an air-shower detector designed to study TeV gamma and cosmic rays. The observatory is composed of a $22000 \, m^2$ array of $300$ water Cherenkov tanks ($4.5 \, m$ deep x $7.3 \, m$ diameter) with $4$ photomultipliers (PMT) each.…

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is a very high energy gamma-ray detector located in Mexico. In late 2018, the HAWC collaboration completed a major upgrade consisting of the addition of a sparse outrigger array of 345…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2019-08-22 Vincent Marandon , Armelle Jardin-Blicq , Harm Schoorlemmer

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) is a wide field-of-view gamma-ray observatory sensitive to gamma-rays in the 300 GeV - 100 TeV energy range, located in Mexico at an altitude of 4,100 m above sea level. The detector consists of 300…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2017-08-15 Cederik de León , Humberto Salazar , Luis Villaseñor

Various particle accelerators operate in the space plasmas, filling the Galaxy with high energy particles, primary cosmic rays. Reaching the atmosphere of the earth, these particles originate extensive air showers consisting of millions of…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2023-10-17 A. Chilingarian

Thunderstorms produce strong electric fields over regions on the order of kilometer. The corresponding electric potential differences are on the order of 100 MV. Secondary cosmic rays reaching these regions may be significantly accelerated…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2017-01-03 Sebastien Celestin

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory observes atmospheric showers produced by incident gamma rays and cosmic rays with energy from 300 GeV to more than 100 TeV. A crucial phase in analyzing gamma-ray sources using…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2022-08-25 R. Alfaro , C. Alvarez , J. D. Álvarez , J. R. Angeles Camacho , J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez , D. Avila Rojas , H. A. Ayala Solares , R. Babu , E. Belmont-Moreno , C. Brisbois , K. S. Caballero-Mora , T. Capistrán , A. Carramiñana , S. Casanova , O. Chaparro-Amaro , U. Cotti , J. Cotzomi , S. Coutiño de León , E. De la Fuente , C. de León , R. Diaz Hernandez , B. L. Dingus , M. A. DuVernois , M. Durocher , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , R. W. Ellsworth , K. Engel , C. Espinoza , K. L. Fan , M. Fernández Alonso , N. Fraija , D. Garcia , J. A. García-González , F. Garfias , M. M. González , J. A. Goodman , J. P. Harding , S. Hernandez , B. Hona , D. Huang , F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla , P. Hüntemeyer , A. Iriarte , A. Jardin-Blicq , V. Joshi , S. Kaufmann , G. J. Kundem A. Lara , W. H. Lee , J. Lee , H. León Vargas , J. T. Linnemann , G. Luis-Raya , J. Lundeen , K. Malone , V. Marandon , O. Martinez , J. Martínez-Castro , J. A. Matthews , P. Miranda-Romagnoli , J. A. Morales-Soto , A. Nayerhoda , L. Nellen , M. U. Nisa , R. Noriega-Papaqui , L. Olivera-Nieto , N. Omodei , A. Peisker , Y. Pérez Araujo , E. G. Pérez-Pérez , C. D. Rho , D. Rosa-González , E. Ruiz-Velasco , H. Salazar , F. Salesa Greus , A. Sandoval , P. M. Saz Parkinson , J. Serna-Franco , A. J. Smith , R. W. Springer , O. Tibolla , K. Tollefson , I. Torres , R. Torres-Escobedo , R. Turner , F. Ureña-Mena , L. Villaseñor , X. Wang , I. J. Watson , F. Werner , E. Willox , J. Wood , A. Zepeda , H. Zhou

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) has three sub-arrays, KM2A, WCDA and WFCTA. The flux variations of cosmic ray air showers were studied by analyzing the KM2A data during the thunderstorm on 10 June 2021. The number of…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2022-12-07 LHAASO Collaboration , F. Aharonian , Q. An , Axikegu , L. X. Bai , Y. X. Bai , Y. W. Bao , D. Bastieri , X. J. Bi , Y. J. Bi , J. T. Cai , Zhe Cao , Zhen Cao , J. Chang , J. F. Chang , E. S. Chen , Liang Chen , Liang Chen , Long Chen , M. J. Chen , M. L. Chen , S. H. Chen , S. Z. Chen , T. L. Chen , X. J. Chen , Y. Chen , H. L. Cheng , N. Cheng , Y. D. Cheng , S. W. Cui , X. H. Cui , Y. D. Cui , B. Z. Dai , H. L. Dai , Z. G. Dai , Danzengluobu , D. della Volpe , K. K. Duan , J. H. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , Z. X. Fan , J. Fang , K. Fang , C. F. Feng , L. Feng , S. H. Feng , X. T. Feng , Y. L. Feng , B. Gao , C. D. Gao , L. Q. Gao , Q. Gao , W. Gao , W. K. Gao , M. M. Ge , L. S. Geng , G. H. Gong , Q. B. Gou , M. H. Gu , F. L. Gu , J. G. Guo , X. L. Guo , Y. Q. Guo , Y. Y. Guo , Y. A. Han , H. H. He , H. N. He , S. L. He , X. B. He , Y. He , M. Heller , Y. K. Hor , C. Hou , X. Hou , H. B. Hu , Q. Hu , S. Hu , S. C. Hu , X. J. Hu , D. H. Huang , W. H. Huang , X. T. Huang , X. Y. Huang , Y. Huang , Z. C. Huang , X. L. Ji , H. Y. Jia , K. Jia , K. Jiang , Z. J. Jiang , M. Jin , M. M. Kang , T. Ke , D. Kuleshov , B. B. Li , Cheng Li , Cong Li , F. Li , H. B. Li , H. C. Li , H. Y. Li , J. Li , Jian Li , Jie Li , K. Li , W. L. Li , X. R. Li , Xin Li , Xin Li , Y. Z. Li , Zhe Li , Zhuo Li , E. W. Liang , Y. F. Liang , S. J. Lin , B. Liu , C. Liu , D. Liu , H. Liu , H. D. Liu , J. Liu , J. L. Liu , J. S. Liu , J. Y. Liu , M. Y. Liu , R. Y. Liu , S. M. Liu , W. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. N. Liu , W. J. Long , R. Lu , Q. Luo , H. K. Lv , B. Q. Ma , L. L. Ma , X. H. Ma , J. R. Mao , A. Masood , Z. Min , W. Mitthumsiri , Y. C. Nan , Z. W. Ou , B. Y. Pang , P. Pattarakijwanich , Z. Y. Pei , M. Y. Qi , Y. Q. Qi , B. Q. Qiao , J. J. Qin , D. Ruffolo , A. Sáiz , C. Y. Shao , L. Shao , O. Shchegolev , X. D. Sheng , J. Y. Shi , H. C. Song , Yu. V. Stenkin , V. Stepanov , Y. Su , Q. N. Sun , X. N. Sun , Z. B. Sun , P. H. T. Tam , Z. B. Tang , W. W. Tian , B. D. Wang , C. Wang , H. Wang , H. G. Wang , J. C. Wang , J. S. Wang , L. P. Wang , L. Y. Wang , R. Wang , R. N. Wang , W. Wang , X. G. Wang , X. Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. D. Wang , Y. J. Wang , Y. P. Wang , Z. H. Wang. Z. X. Wang , Zhen Wang , Zheng Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. J. Wei , T. Wen , C. Y. Wu , H. R. Wu , S. Wu , X. F. Wu , Y. S. W , S. Q. Xi , J. Xia , J. J. Xia , G. M. Xiang , D. X. Xiao , G. Xiao , G. G. Xin , Y. L. Xin , Y. Xing , Z. Xiong , D. L. Xu , R. X. Xu , L. Xue , D. H. Yan , J. Z. Yan , C. W. Yang , F. F. Yang , H. W. Yang , J. Y. Yang , L. L. Yang , M. J. Yang , R. Z. Yang , S. B. Yang , Y. H. Yao , Z. G. Yao , Y. M. Ye , L. Q. Yin , N. Yin , X. H. You , Z. Y. You , Y. H. Yu , Q. Yuan , H. Yue , H. D. Zeng , T. X. Zeng , W. Zeng , Z. K. Zeng , M. Zha , X. X. Zhai , B. B. Zhang , F. Zhang , H. M. Zhang , H. Y. Zhang , J. L. Zhang , L. X. Zhang , Li Zhang , Lu Zhang , P. F. Zhang , P. P. Zhang , R. Zhang , S. B. Zhang , S. R. Zhang , S. S. Zhang , X. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Y. F. Zhang , Y. L. Zhang , Yi Zhang , Yong Zhang , B. Zhao , J. Zhao , L. Zhao , L. Z. Zhao , S. P. Zhao , F. Zheng , Y. Zheng , B. Zhou , H. Zhou , J. N. Zhou , P. Zhou , R. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , C. G. Zhu , F. R. Zhu , H. Zhu , K. J. Zhu , X. Zuo

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is a large field of view, continuously operated, TeV gamma-ray experiment under construction at 4,100 m a.s.l. in Mexico. The HAWC observatory will have an order of magnitude better…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2019-08-21 Miguel Mostafa

The recently completed High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory has been taking data with a partial array for more than one year and is now operating with >95% duty cycle in its full configuration. With an instantaneous…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2019-08-13 Robert J. Lauer , Patrick W. Younk

Observations with the Cherenkov telescopes are in principle limited to the clear sky conditions due to significant absorption of Cherenkov light by clouds. If the cloud level is high enough or the atmospheric transmission of the cloud is…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2015-06-23 Dorota Sobczynska , Wlodek Bednarek

The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov experiment (HAWC) observatory is located 4100 meters above sea level. HAWC is able to detect secondary particles from extensive air showers (EAS) initiated in the interaction of a primary particle (either a…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2019-08-13 E. Bourbeau , T. Capistrán , I. Torres , E. Moreno

Cosmic ray air showers produce radio emission, consisting in large part of geosynchrotron emission. Since the radiation mechanism is based on particle acceleration, the atmospheric electric field can play an important role. Especially…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2019-08-14 Stijn Buitink