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This paper presents SimCSE, a simple contrastive learning framework that greatly advances state-of-the-art sentence embeddings. We first describe an unsupervised approach, which takes an input sentence and predicts itself in a contrastive…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-05-19 Tianyu Gao , Xingcheng Yao , Danqi Chen

Most sentence embedding techniques heavily rely on expensive human-annotated sentence pairs as the supervised signals. Despite the use of large-scale unlabeled data, the performance of unsupervised methods typically lags far behind that of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-01 Yiming Chen , Yan Zhang , Bin Wang , Zuozhu Liu , Haizhou Li

Sentence embeddings are an important component of many natural language processing (NLP) systems. Like word embeddings, sentence embeddings are typically learned on large text corpora and then transferred to various downstream tasks, such…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-05-28 John Giorgi , Osvald Nitski , Bo Wang , Gary Bader

The key challenge in semantic search is to create models that are both accurate and efficient in pinpointing relevant sentences for queries. While BERT-style bi-encoders excel in efficiency with pre-computed embeddings, they often miss…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-26 Zihan Liao , Hang Yu , Jianguo Li , Jun Wang , Wei Zhang

Pre-trained transformer models shine in many natural language processing tasks and therefore are expected to bear the representation of the input sentence or text meaning. These sentence-level embeddings are also important in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-21 Lukas Stankevičius , Mantas Lukoševičius

Pre-trained contextual language models are ubiquitously employed for language understanding tasks, but are unsuitable for resource-constrained systems. Noncontextual word embeddings are an efficient alternative in these settings. Such…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-04-24 Anik Saha , Alex Gittens , Bulent Yener

This paper proposes a new model for extracting an interpretable sentence embedding by introducing self-attention. Instead of using a vector, we use a 2-D matrix to represent the embedding, with each row of the matrix attending on a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2017-03-10 Zhouhan Lin , Minwei Feng , Cicero Nogueira dos Santos , Mo Yu , Bing Xiang , Bowen Zhou , Yoshua Bengio

Distilled self-supervised models have shown competitive performance and efficiency in recent years. However, there is a lack of experience in jointly distilling multiple self-supervised speech models. In our work, we performed Ensemble…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-02-27 Kuan-Po Huang , Tzu-hsun Feng , Yu-Kuan Fu , Tsu-Yuan Hsu , Po-Chieh Yen , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Kai-Wei Chang , Hung-yi Lee

Unsupervised sentence embedding aims to obtain the most appropriate embedding for a sentence to reflect its semantic. Contrastive learning has been attracting developing attention. For a sentence, current models utilize diverse data…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-03-03 Hao Wang , Yangguang Li , Zhen Huang , Yong Dou , Lingpeng Kong , Jing Shao

Learning sentence embeddings from dialogues has drawn increasing attention due to its low annotation cost and high domain adaptability. Conventional approaches employ the siamese-network for this task, which obtains the sentence embeddings…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-09-28 Che Liu , Rui Wang , Jinghua Liu , Jian Sun , Fei Huang , Luo Si

There have been many successful applications of sentence embedding methods. However, it has not been well understood what properties are captured in the resulting sentence embeddings depending on the supervision signals. In this paper, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-06-13 Hayato Tsukagoshi , Ryohei Sasano , Koichi Takeda

Semantic sentence embedding models encode natural language sentences into vectors, such that closeness in embedding space indicates closeness in the semantics between the sentences. Bilingual data offers a useful signal for learning such…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-11-20 John Wieting , Graham Neubig , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Models based on large-pretrained language models, such as S(entence)BERT, provide effective and efficient sentence embeddings that show high correlation to human similarity ratings, but lack interpretability. On the other hand, graph…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Juri Opitz , Anette Frank

BERT is inefficient for sentence-pair tasks such as clustering or semantic search as it needs to evaluate combinatorially many sentence pairs which is very time-consuming. Sentence BERT (SBERT) attempted to solve this challenge by learning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-02-08 Yan Zhang , Ruidan He , Zuozhu Liu , Kwan Hui Lim , Lidong Bing

Sentence embedding is an important research topic in natural language processing (NLP) since it can transfer knowledge to downstream tasks. Meanwhile, a contextualized word representation, called BERT, achieves the state-of-the-art…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-06-02 Bin Wang , C. -C. Jay Kuo

Natural Language Processing models like BERT can provide state-of-the-art word embeddings for downstream NLP tasks. However, these models yet to perform well on Semantic Textual Similarity, and may be too large to be deployed as lightweight…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-24 Valerie Lim , Kai Wen Ng , Kenneth Lim

Contrastive learning-based methods, such as unsup-SimCSE, have achieved state-of-the-art (SOTA) performances in learning unsupervised sentence embeddings. However, in previous studies, each embedding used for contrastive learning only…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-19 Hongliang He , Junlei Zhang , Zhenzhong Lan , Yue Zhang

This study presents a novel approach for knowledge distillation (KD) from a BERT teacher model to an automatic speech recognition (ASR) model using intermediate layers. To distil the teacher's knowledge, we use an attention decoder that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-23 Michael Hentschel , Yuta Nishikawa , Tatsuya Komatsu , Yusuke Fujita

Recently, various encoder-only and encoder-decoder pre-trained models like BERT and T5 have been applied to automatic essay scoring (AES) as small language models. However, existing studies have primarily treated this task akin to a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-22 Ali Ghiasvand Mohammadkhani

Learning effective representations of sentences is one of the core missions of natural language understanding. Existing models either train on a vast amount of text, or require costly, manually curated sentence relation datasets. We show…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-06-05 Allen Nie , Erin D. Bennett , Noah D. Goodman