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Since it takes time and effort to put a new product or service on the market, one would like to predict whether it will be a success. In general this is not possible, but it is possible to follow best practices in order to maximise the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2019-09-02 Pieter Hartel , Ivan Homoliak , Daniël Reijsbergen

Ethereum Smart Contracts based on Blockchain Technology (BT)enables monetary transactions among peers on a blockchain network independent of a central authorizing agency. Ethereum smart contracts are programs that are deployed as…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-05-17 Noama Fatima Samreen , Manar H. Alalfi

While Ethereum smart contracts enabled a wide range of blockchain applications, they are extremely vulnerable to different forms of security attacks. Due to the fact that transactions to smart contracts commonly involve cryptocurrency…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2019-06-12 Jianbo Gao , Han Liu , Chao Liu , Qingshan Li , Zhi Guan , Zhong Chen

As a blockchain platform that has developed vigorously in recent years, Ethereum is different from Bitcoin in that it introduces smart contracts into blockchain.Solidity is one of the most mature and widely used smart contract programming…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2019-11-25 Pengcheng Zhang , Feng Xiao , Xiapu Luo

Blockchains are modern distributed systems that provide decentralized financial capabilities with trustable guarantees. Smart contracts are programs written in specialized programming languages running on a blockchain and govern how tokens…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-07-11 Margarita Capretto , Martin Ceresa , Cesar Sanchez

An important problem in smart contract security is understanding the likelihood and criticality of discovered, or potential, weaknesses in contracts. In this paper we provide a summary of Ethereum smart contract audits performed for 23…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2020-01-13 Alex Groce , Josselin Feist , Gustavo Grieco , Michael Colburn

With the rapid advancement of blockchain technology, smart contracts have enabled the implementation of increasingly complex functionalities. However, ensuring the security of smart contracts remains a persistent challenge across the stages…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-01 Yuchen Ding , Hongli Peng , Xiaoqi Li

A smart contract that is deployed to a blockchain system like Ethereum is, under reasonable circumstances, expected to be immutable and tamper-proof. This is both a feature (promoting integrity and transparency) and a bug (preventing…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-06-03 Mehdi Salehi , Jeremy Clark , Mohammad Mannan

As the public Ethereum network surpasses half a billion transactions and enterprise Blockchain systems becoming highly capable of meeting the demands of global deployments, production Blockchain applications are fast becoming commonplace…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-09-24 Evan Brinckman , Andrey Kuehlkamp , Jarek Nabrzyski , Ian J. Taylor

As the largest public blockchain-based platform supporting smart contracts, Ethereum has accumulated a large number of user transaction records since its debut in 2014. Analysis of Ethereum transaction records, however, is still relatively…

社会与信息网络 · 计算机科学 2021-01-01 Dan Lin , Jiajing Wu , Qi Yuan , Zibin Zheng

In this work, we provide a comprehensive survey of smart contract upgradability patterns using proxies. A primary characteristic of smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain is that they are immutable once implemented, no changes can be…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-04-10 Sajad Meisami , William Edward Bodell

The widespread lack of broad source code verification on blockchain explorers such as Etherscan, where despite 78,047,845 smart contracts deployed on Ethereum (as of May 26, 2025), a mere 767,520 (< 1%) are open source, presents a severe…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-25 Isaac David , Liyi Zhou , Dawn Song , Arthur Gervais , Kaihua Qin

Blockchain systems have received much attention and promise to revolutionize many services. Yet, despite their popularity, current blockchain systems exist in isolation, that is, they cannot share information. While interoperability is…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-04-24 Enrique Fynn , Alysson Bessani , Fernando Pedone

Smart contracts are programs stored on a blockchain that run when predetermined conditions are met. However, designing and implementing a smart contract is not trivial since upon deployment on a blockchain, it is no longer possible to…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-12-08 Chaïmaa Benabbou , Önder Gürcan

Ethereum smart contracts are highly powerful, immutable, and able to retain massive amounts of tokens. However, smart contracts keep attracting attackers to benefit from smart contract flaws and Ethereum unexpected behavior. Thus,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-04-10 Wejdene Haouari , Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid , Marios Fokaefs

Smart contract technology facilitates self-executing agreements on the blockchain, eliminating dependency on an external trusted authority. However, smart contracts may expose vulnerabilities that can lead to financial losses and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-14 Emre Balci , Timucin Aydede , Gorkem Yilmaz , Ece Gelal Soyak

Blockchain-based smart contract has become a growing field in the blockchain technology. What was once a technology used to solve digital transaction issues turns out to have some wider usage, including smart contract. The development of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-08-23 Fengkie Junis , Faisal Malik Widya Prasetya , Farouq Ibrahim Lubay , Anny Kartika Sari

In the area of blockchains, a wallet is anything that manages the access to cryptocurrencies and tokens. Off-chain wallets appear in different forms, from paper wallets to hardware wallets to dedicated wallet apps, while on-chain wallets…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-04-06 Monika di Angelo , Gernot Salzer

Smart contracts have been increasingly used together with blockchains to automate financial and business transactions. However, many bugs and vulnerabilities have been identified in many contracts which raises serious concerns about smart…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2020-05-21 Zhipeng Gao , Lingxiao Jiang , Xin Xia , David Lo , John Grundy

Blockchain technology has set off a wave of decentralization in the world since its birth. The trust system constructed by blockchain technology based on cryptography algorithm and computing power provides a practical and powerful solution…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2025-05-08 Pengfei Gao , Dechao Kong , Xiaoqi Li