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Reinforcement learning (RL) agents improve through trial-and-error, but when reward is sparse and the agent cannot discover successful action sequences, learning stagnates. This has been a notable problem in training deep RL agents to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2018-02-27 Evan Zheran Liu , Kelvin Guu , Panupong Pasupat , Tianlin Shi , Percy Liang

The generalization gap in reinforcement learning (RL) has been a significant obstacle that prevents the RL agent from learning general skills and adapting to varying environments. Increasing the generalization capacity of the RL systems can…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-06 Hanping Zhang , Yuhong Guo

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved impressive performance in a variety of online settings in which an agent's ability to query the environment for transitions and rewards is effectively unlimited. However, in many practical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-05-06 Anurag Ajay , Aviral Kumar , Pulkit Agrawal , Sergey Levine , Ofir Nachum

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms can suffer from poor sample efficiency when rewards are delayed and sparse. We introduce a solution that enables agents to learn temporally extended actions at multiple levels of abstraction in a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-03-11 Andrew Levy , Robert Platt , Kate Saenko

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in various decision-making tasks of machine learning provides effective results with an agent learning from a stand-alone reward function. However, it presents unique challenges with large amounts of environment…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-03-10 Neda Navidi

When using reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms it is common, given a large state space, to introduce some form of approximation architecture for the value function (VF). The exact form of this architecture can have a significant effect…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-02-19 Edward Barker , Charl Ras

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms often require long training to become useful, especially in complex environments with sparse rewards. While techniques like reward shaping and curriculum learning exist to accelerate training, these…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-11 Lukas Toral , Teddy Lazebnik

A key strategy in societal adaptation to climate change is using alert systems to prompt preventative action and reduce the adverse health impacts of extreme heat events. This paper implements and evaluates reinforcement learning (RL) as a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-15 Ellen M. Considine , Rachel C. Nethery , Gregory A. Wellenius , Francesca Dominici , Mauricio Tec

Solving long-horizon goal-conditioned tasks remains a significant challenge in reinforcement learning (RL). Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) addresses this by decomposing tasks into more manageable sub-tasks, but the automatic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-09 Yang Yu

We design a simple reinforcement learning (RL) agent that implements an optimistic version of $Q$-learning and establish through regret analysis that this agent can operate with some level of competence in any environment. While we leverage…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-07-13 Shi Dong , Benjamin Van Roy , Zhengyuan Zhou

Real-world reinforcement learning (RL) environments, whether in robotics or industrial settings, often involve non-visual observations and require not only efficient but also reliable and thus interpretable and flexible RL approaches. To…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-19 Moritz Lange , Noah Krystiniak , Raphael C. Engelhardt , Wolfgang Konen , Laurenz Wiskott

Many real-world applications require an agent to make robust and deliberate decisions with multimodal information (e.g., robots with multi-sensory inputs). However, it is very challenging to train the agent via reinforcement learning (RL)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-21 Jinming Ma , Feng Wu , Yingfeng Chen , Xianpeng Ji , Yu Ding

We provide a framework for accelerating reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms by heuristics constructed from domain knowledge or offline data. Tabula rasa RL algorithms require environment interactions or computation that scales with the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-23 Ching-An Cheng , Andrey Kolobov , Adith Swaminathan

In reinforcement learning, an agent interacts sequentially with an environment to maximize a reward, receiving only partial, probabilistic feedback. This creates a fundamental exploration-exploitation trade-off: the agent must explore to…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-27 Josep Lumbreras , Ruo Cheng Huang , Yanglin Hu , Marco Fanizza , Mile Gu

This article is a gentle discussion about the field of reinforcement learning in practice, about opportunities and challenges, touching a broad range of topics, with perspectives and without technical details. The article is based on both…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-04-25 Yuxi Li

While reinforcement learning (RL) holds great potential for decision making in the real world, it suffers from a number of unique difficulties which often need specific consideration. In particular: it is highly non-stationary; suffers from…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in fields like robotics and autonomous driving, but adversarial attacks designed to mislead RL systems remain challenging. Existing approaches often rely on modifying the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-25 Junyong Jiang , Buwei Tian , Chenxing Xu , Songze Li , Lu Dong

Advances in reinforcement learning research have demonstrated the ways in which different agent-based models can learn how to optimally perform a task within a given environment. Reinforcement leaning solves unsupervised problems where…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-03 Herkulaas Combrink , Vukosi Marivate , Benjamin Rosman

From out-competing grandmasters in chess to informing high-stakes healthcare decisions, emerging methods from artificial intelligence are increasingly capable of making complex and strategic decisions in diverse, high-dimensional, and…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2024-03-05 Melissa Chapman , Lily Xu , Marcus Lapeyrolerie , Carl Boettiger

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as interactive agents, but optimizing them for long-horizon decision making remains difficult because current methods are largely purely reactive, which weakens both exploration and credit…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Xiangyuan Xue , Yifan Zhou , Zidong Wang , Shengji Tang , Philip Torr , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai , Zhenfei Yin