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Distributed consensus is a fundamental primitive for constructing fault-tolerant, strongly-consistent distributed systems. Though many distributed consensus algorithms have been proposed, just two dominate production systems: Paxos, the…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-04-29 Heidi Howard , Richard Mortier

The consensus problem is a fundamental problem in distributed systems. It involves a set of actors, or entities, that need to agree on some values or decisions. The Raft algorithm is a solution to the consensus problem that has gained…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2024-03-29 Parth Bora , Pham Duc Minh , Tim A. C. Willemse

Consensus protocols are crucial for reliable distributed systems as they let them cope with network and server failures. For decades, most consensus protocols have been designed as variations of the seminal Paxos, yet in 2014 Raft was…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2020-04-29 Hugues Evrard

Paxos and Fast Paxos are optimal consensus algorithms that are simple and elegant, while suitable for efficient implementation. In this paper, we compare the performance of both algorithms in failure-free and failure-prone runs using…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2013-08-07 Gustavo M. D. Vieira , Luiz E. Buzato

Conventional consensus algorithms, such as Paxos and Raft, encounter inefficiencies when applied to large-scale distributed systems due to the requirement of waiting for replies from a majority of nodes. To address these challenges, we…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-03-13 Gengrui Zhang , Shiquan Zhang , Michail Bachras , Yuqiu Zhang , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

One of the significant problem in peer-to-peer databases is collision problem. These databases do not rely on a central leader that is a reason to increase scalability and fault tolerance. Utilizing these systems in high throughput…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2019-11-05 Mohammad Fazlali , Sara Moazezi Eftekhar , Mohammad Mahdi Dehshibi , Hadi Tabatabaee Malazi , Masoud Nosrati

State machine replication protocols, like MultiPaxos and Raft, are at the heart of nearly every strongly consistent distributed database. To tolerate machine failures, these protocols must replace failed machines with live machines, a…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-07-22 Michael Whittaker , Neil Giridharan , Adriana Szekeres , Joseph M. Hellerstein , Heidi Howard , Faisal Nawab , Ion Stoica

Consensus protocols are the foundation for building fault-tolerant, distributed systems, and services. They are also widely acknowledged as performance bottlenecks. Several recent systems have proposed accelerating these protocols using the…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2019-01-28 Huynh Tu Dang , Pietro Bressana , Han Wang , Ki Suh Lee , Noa Zilberman , Hakim Weatherspoon , Marco Canini , Fernando Pedone , Robert Soulé

Lamport's Paxos algorithm is a classic consensus protocol for state machine replication in environments that admit crash failures. Many versions of Paxos exploit the protocol's intrinsic properties for the sake of gaining better run-time…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2018-02-19 Álvaro García-Pérez , Alexey Gotsman , Yuri Meshman , Ilya Sergey

Ark is an implementation of a consensus algorithm similar to Paxos and Raft, designed as an improvement over the existing consensus algorithm used by MongoDB and TokuMX. Ark was designed from first principles, improving on the election…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2014-07-18 Zardosht Kasheff , Leif Walsh

Distributed consensus, the ability to reach agreement in the face of failures, is a fundamental primitive for constructing reliable distributed systems. The Paxos algorithm is synonymous with consensus and widely utilized in production.…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2022-03-08 Heidi Howard , Richard Mortier

Paxos is a widely used and notoriously hard to understand method for solving one type of distributed consensus problem. This note provides a quick explanation of Paxos, a novel proof of correctness that is intended to provide insight into…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2022-02-15 Victor Yodaiken

Consensus is one of the key problems in blockchains. There are many articles analyzing the performance of threat models for blockchains. But the network stability seems lack of attention, which in fact affects the blockchain performance.…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2018-08-06 Dongyan Huang , Xiaoli Ma , Shengli Zhang

We present the first open-source implementation and evaluation of Fast Raft, a hierarchical consensus protocol designed for dynamic, distributed environments. Fast Raft reduces the number of message rounds needed to commit log entries…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Anton Melnychuk , Bryan SebaRaj

Raft is a leading consensus algorithm for replicating writes in distributed databases. However, distributed databases also require consistent reads. To guarantee read consistency, a Raft-based system must either accept the high…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-12-22 A. Jesse Jiryu Davis , Murat Demirbas , Lingzhi Deng

Paxos is an important algorithm for a set of distributed processes to agree on a single value or a sequence of values, for which it is called Basic Paxos or Multi-Paxos, respectively. Consensus is critical when distributed services are…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-12-25 Saksham Chand , Yanhong A. Liu , Scott D. Stoller

In this paper, we introduce a novel adaptation of the Raft consensus algorithm for achieving emergent formation control in multi-agent systems with a single integrator dynamics. This strategy, dubbed "Rafting," enables robust cooperation…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2023-08-22 Abbas Tariverdi , Jim Torresen

Modern distributed systems face a critical challenge: existing consensus protocols optimize for either node heterogeneity or workload independence, but not both. For example, Cabinet leverages weighted quorums to handle node heterogeneity…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-12-24 Tanisha Fonseca , Gengrui Zhang

Lamport's celebrated Paxos consensus protocol is generally viewed as a complex hard-to-understand algorithm. Notwithstanding its complexity, in this paper, we take a step towards automatically proving the safety of Paxos by taking advantage…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2021-10-29 Aman Goel , Karem A. Sakallah

Distributed consensus is integral to modern distributed systems. The widely adopted Paxos algorithm uses two phases, each requiring majority agreement, to reliably reach consensus. In this paper, we demonstrate that Paxos, which lies at the…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2016-08-25 Heidi Howard , Dahlia Malkhi , Alexander Spiegelman
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