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Over the years complexity theorists have proposed many structural parameters to explain the surprising efficiency of conflict-driven clause-learning (CDCL) SAT solvers on a wide variety of large industrial Boolean instances. While some of…

Symbolic variants of clause distribution using decision diagrams to eliminate variables in SAT were shown to perform well on hard combinatorial instances. In this paper we revisit both existing ZDD and BDD variants of this approach. We…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2018-05-10 Tom van Dijk , Rüdiger Ehlers , Armin Biere

Unit propagation (which is called also Boolean Constraint Propagation) has been an important component of every modern CDCL SAT solver since the CDCL solver was developed. In general, unit propagation is implemented by scanning sequentially…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2019-07-03 Jingchao Chen

We prove that there exists a deterministic configuration of Conflict Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) SAT solvers using a variant of the VSIDS branching heuristic that solves instances of the Ordering Principle (OP) CNF formulas in time…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Sahil Samar , Marc Vinyals , Vijay Ganesh

Current implementations of pseudo-Boolean (PB) solvers working on native PB constraints are based on the CDCL architecture which empowers highly efficient modern SAT solvers. In particular, such PB solvers not only implement a…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-09-03 Daniel Le Berre , Romain Wallon

We present a new extended resolution clause learning (ERCL) algorithm, implemented as part of a conflict-driven clause-learning (CDCL) SAT solver, wherein new variables are dynamically introduced as definitions for {\it Dual Implication…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Sam Buss , Jonathan Chung , Vijay Ganesh , Albert Oliveras

Learned clauses minimization (LCM) let to performance improvements of modern SAT solvers especially in solving hard SAT instances. Despite the success of LCM approaches in sequential solvers, they are not widely incorporated in parallel SAT…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2019-08-06 Marc Hartung , Florian Schintke

Over the past several decades, CDCL SAT solvers have proven remarkably effective on large industrial formulas, despite SAT being NP-complete and widely believed to be intractable. While considerable empirical research has been done on…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Shimin Zhang , Yechuan Xia , Chunxiao Li , Jianwen Li , Moshe Y. Vardi , Vijay Ganesh

Clause-elimination procedures that simplify formulas in conjunctive normal form play an important role in modern SAT solving. Before or during the actual solving process, such procedures identify and remove clauses that are irrelevant to…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2023-06-22 Benjamin Kiesl , Martina Seidl , Hans Tompits , Armin Biere

In this project, we aimed to improve the runtime of Minisat, a Conflict-Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) solver that solves the Propositional Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem. We first used a logistic regression model to predict the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2017-11-01 Haoze Wu

We previously designed Partial Order Conflict Driven Clause Learning (PO-CDCL), a variation of the satisfiability solving CDCL algorithm with a partial order on decision levels, and showed that it can speed up the solving on problems with a…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2013-02-01 Anthony Monnet , Roger Villemaire

Effective organization of in-context learning (ICL) demonstrations is key to improving the quality of large language model (LLM) responses. To create better sample-label pairs that instruct LLM understanding, we introduce logit…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-16 Zhu Zixiao , Feng Zijian , Zhou Hanzhang , Qian Junlang , Mao Kezhi

Multi-agent LLM debate improves factuality and reasoning, but most recipes pick a fixed round count, over-spending on easy items and under-spending on hard ones. We adapt Wald's Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) as a plug-in compute…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Andrea Morandi

Conflict-Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) is the mainstream framework for solving the Satisfiability problem (SAT), and CDCL solvers typically rely on various heuristics, which have a significant impact on their performance. Modern CDCL…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-11-14 Yiwen Sun , Furong Ye , Xianyin Zhang , Shiyu Huang , Bingzhen Zhang , Ke Wei , Shaowei Cai

Large language models (LLMs) deliver remarkable performance but are costly to deploy, motivating knowledge distillation (KD) for efficient inference. Existing KD objectives typically match student and teacher probabilities via softmax,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Yeongmin Kim , Donghyeok Shin , Mina Kang , Byeonghu Na , Il-Chul Moon

Recent attempts to explain the effectiveness of Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solvers based on conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) on large industrial benchmarks have focused on the concept of community structure. Specifically, industrial…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2016-08-16 Nathan Mull , Daniel J. Fremont , Sanjit A. Seshia

Circuit Satisfiability (CSAT) plays a pivotal role in Electronic Design Automation. The standard workflow for solving CSAT problems converts circuits into Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF) and employs generic SAT solvers powered by…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Jiaying Zhu , Ziyang Zheng , Zhengyuan Shi , Yalun Cai , Qiang Xu

Constrained Horn Clauses (CHCs) are often used in automated program verification. Thus, techniques for (dis-)proving satisfiability of CHCs are a very active field of research. On the other hand, acceleration techniques for computing…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2023-07-17 Florian Frohn , Jürgen Giesl

Restart policy is an important technique used in modern Conflict-Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) solvers, wherein some parts of the solver state are erased at certain intervals during the run of the solver. In most solvers, variable…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2024-04-23 Chunxiao Li , Charlie Liu , Jonathan Chung , Zhengyang Lu , Piyush Jha , Vijay Ganesh

The Model-Constructing Satisfiability Calculus (MCSAT) framework has been applied to SMT problems over various arithmetic theories. NLSAT, an implementation using cylindrical algebraic decomposition (CAD) for explanation, is especially…

符号计算 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Zhonghan Wang