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Thomson scattering of laser light is one of the most fundamental diagnostics of plasma density, temperature and magnetic fields. It relies on the assumption that the properties in the probed volume are homogeneous and constant during the…

An ongoing limitation of terahertz spectroscopy is that the technique is generally limited to the study of relatively large samples of order 4 mm across due to the generally large size of the focal beam spot. We present a nested concentric…

A new method for high-sensitivity subwavelength spectromicroscopy is proposed based on the usage of a spaser (near-field laser) in the form of a scanning probe microscope tip. The high spatial resolution is defined by the tip's curvature,…

High-resolution astronomical spectroscopy carried out with a photonic Fourier transform spectrograph (FTS) requires long asymmetrical optical delay lines that can be dynamically tuned. For example, to achieve a spectral resolution of R =…

One of the important microlensing applications to stellar atmospheres is the study of spots on stellar surface provided by the high resolution of caustic-crossing binary-lens events. In this paper, we investigate the characteristics of…

This article describes a complete theory of spatial coherence for undulator radiation sources. Current estimations of coherence properties often assume that undulator sources are quasi-homogeneous, like thermal sources, and rely on the…

Point lens microlensing events with impact parameter close to the source stellar radius allow the observer to study the surface brightness profile of the lensed source. We have examined the effect of photospheric star spots on multicolour…

PT-symmetry in optics is a condition whereby the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index across a photonic structure are deliberately balanced. This balance can lead to a host of novel optical phenomena, such as unidirectional…

To study the effects of focusing distance on the characteristics of copper plasma, a picosecond laser was utilized to ablate a pure copper plate to generate a plasma spectrum. Following numerous experiments on the subject, three significant…

The ability to accurately measure the shapes of faint objects in images taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys(ACS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) depends upon detailed knowledge of the Point Spread Function (PSF). We show that…

The increasingly demand for machining accuracy and product quality excites a great interest in high-resolution non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, but spatial resolution of conventional high-energy computed tomography (CT) is limited to…

Stellar photospheric heterogeneity is a dominant astrophysical systematic impacting exoplanet transmission spectroscopy. NASA's Pandora SmallSat Mission is designed to address this challenge through contemporaneous visible photometry and…

Precise modeling of extended sources is a central challenge in modern optical engineering, laser physics, and computational lithography. Unlike ideal point sources or completely incoherent thermal radiation sources, real-world light sources…

Quantum entanglement between paired photons is the foundation of optical quantum computing, quantum sensing, and quantum networks. Traditionally, quantum information science has focused on the particle nature of photons at the microscopic…

Sodium Laser Guide Stars (LGSs) are elongated sources due to the thickness and the finite distance of the sodium layer. The fluctuations of the sodium layer altitude and atom density profile induce errors on centroid measurements of…

As a general rule of thumb the resolution of a light microscope (i.e. the ability to discern objects) is predominantly described by the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of its point spread function (psf)---the diameter of the blurring…

We study the problem of deconvolution for light-sheet microscopy, where the data is corrupted by spatially varying blur and a combination of Poisson and Gaussian noise. The spatial variation of the point spread function (PSF) of a…

Fluorescence microscopy is essential in biological and medical research, providing critical insights into cellular structures. However, limited by optical diffraction and background noise, a substantial amount of hidden information is still…

Most research on astrophysical lensing has been conducted using the geometric optics framework, where there exists a clear concept of lensing images. However, wave optics effects can be important for coherent sources, e.g. pulsars, fast…

Flexible and fast control of the phase and amplitude of coherent light, enabled by digital micromirror devices (DMDs) and spatial light modulators (SLMs), has been a driving force for recent advances in optical tweezers, nonlinear…