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Resolved dust continuum and CO line ALMA imaging, and in some cases detection of H$\alpha$ emission, hint that young massive planets are abundant at wide separations in protoplanetary discs. Here, we show how these observations can probe…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-04-13 Sergei Nayakshin , Vardan Elbakyan , Giovanni Rosotti

Annular structures in proto-planetary discs, such as gaps and rings, are now ubiquitously found by high-resolution ALMA observations. Under the hypothesis that they are opened by planets, in this paper we investigate how the minimum planet…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-03-04 Catriona A. Sinclair , Giovanni P. Rosotti , Attila Juhasz , Cathie J. Clarke

Recent detailed observations of protoplanetary discs revealed a lot of sub-structures which are mostly ring-like. One interpretation is that these rings are caused by growing planets. These potential planets are not yet opening very deep…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-07-17 Nelson Ndugu , Bertram Bitsch , Edward Jurua

We still do not understand how planets form, or why extra-solar planetary systems are so different from our own solar system. But the last few years have dramatically changed our view of the discs of gas and dust around young stars.…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-08-14 C. Pinte , G. van der Plas , F. Menard , D. J. Price , V. Christiaens , T. Hill , D. Mentiplay , C. Ginski , E. Choquet , Y. Boehler , G. Duchene , S. Perez , S. Casassus

Recent ALMA observations have identified a variety of dust gaps in protoplanetary disks, which are commonly interpreted to be generated by unobserved planets. Predicting mass of such embedded planets is of fundamental importance in…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-01-05 Shijie Wang , Kazuhiro D. Kanagawa , Yasushi Suto

Recent ALMA observations indicate that the majority of bright protoplanetary discs show signatures of young moderately massive planets. I show that this result is paradoxical. The planets should evolve away from their observed states by…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-02-12 Sergei Nayakshin

Thanks to recent high resolution ALMA observations, there is an accumulating evidence for presence of giant planets with masses from $\sim 0.01$ Jupiter mass to a few Jupiter mass with separations up to $ 100$~AU in the annular structures…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-06-19 S. Nayakshin , G. Dipierro , J. Szulagyi

Protoplanetary discs are now routinely observed and exoplanets, after the numerous indirect discoveries, are starting to be directly imaged. To better understand the planet formation process, the next step is the detection of forming…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-09-30 Jean-François Gonzalez , Guillaume Laibe , Sarah T. Maddison , Christophe Pinte , François Ménard

Recent ALMA images of HL Tau show gaps in the dusty disk that may be caused by planetary bodies. Given the young age of this system, if confirmed, this finding would imply very short timescales for planet formation, probably in a…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-10-28 L. Testi , A. Skemer , Th. Henning , V. Bailey , D. Defrere , Ph. Hinz , J. Leisenring , A. Vaz , S. Esposito , A. Fontana , A. Marconi , M. Skrutskie , C. Veillet

Rings are the most frequently revealed substructure in ALMA dust observations of protoplanetary disks, but their origin is still hotly debated. In this paper, we identify dust substructures in 12 disks and measure their properties to…

Planets are supposed to form in circumstellar disks. The gravitational potential of a planet perturbs the disk and leads to characteristic structures, i.e. spiral waves and gaps, in the disk's density profile. We perform a large-scale…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2012-12-12 Jan Philipp Ruge , Sebastian Wolf , Ana L. Uribe , Hubert H. Klahr

While many observed debris disks are thought to have gaps suggestive of the presence of planets, direct imaging surveys do not find many high mass planets in these systems. We investigate if divergent migration is a viable mechanism for…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-10-17 Sarah J. Morrison , Kaitlin M. Kratter

We re-process the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) long-baseline science verification data taken toward HL Tauri. As shown by the previous work, we confirm that the high spatial resolution (~ 0."019, corresponding to ~…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-03-09 Eiji Akiyama , Yasuhiro Hasegawa , Masahiko Hayashi , Satoru Iguchi

The tidal perturbation of embedded protoplanets on their natal disks has been widely attributed to be the cause of gap-ring structures in sub-mm images of protoplanetary disks around T Tauri stars. Numerical simulations of this process have…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-12-08 Yi-Xian Chen , Zhuoxiao Wang , Ya-Ping Li , Clément Baruteau , Douglas N. C. Lin

Recent mm-wavelength surveys performed with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) have revealed protoplanetary discs characterized by rings and gaps. A possible explanation for the origin of such rings is the tidal interaction with an…

Measured disk masses seem to be too low to form the observed population of planetary systems. In this context, we develop a population synthesis code in the pebble accretion scenario, to analyse the disk mass dependence on planet formation…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-10-07 Spandan Dash , Yamila Miguel

The evolution of protoplanetary discs embedded in stellar clusters depends on the age and the stellar density in which they are embedded. Stellar clusters of young age and high stellar surface density destroy protoplanetary discs by…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-12-20 Nelson Ndugu , Bertram Bitsch , Edward Jurua

Following the assumption that the disc substructures observed in protoplanetary discs originate from the interaction between the disc and the forming planets embedded therein, we aim to test if these putative planets could represent the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-09-13 Anastasia Tzouvanou , Bertram Bitsch , Gabriele Pichierri

The occurrence rate of young giant planets from direct imaging surveys is a fundamental tracer of the efficiency with which planets form and migrate at wide orbital distances. These measurements have progressively converged to a value of…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-12-05 Brendan P. Bowler , Eric L. Nielsen

The dynamical evolution of planetary systems leaves observable signatures in debris disks. Optical images trace micron-sized grains, which are strongly affected by stellar radiation and need not coincide with their parent body population.…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-04 Aaron C. Boley , Matthew J. Payne , Stuartt Corder , William Dent , Eric B. Ford , Megan Shabram
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