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$t$-SNE is an embedding method that the data science community has widely Two interesting characteristics of t-SNE are the structure preservation property and the answer to the crowding problem, where all neighbors in high dimensional space…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-09-23 Gaëlle Candel , David Naccache

Cluster visualization is an essential task for nonlinear dimensionality reduction as a data analysis tool. It is often believed that Student t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) can show clusters for well clusterable data,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-10-07 Zhirong Yang , Yuwei Chen , Jukka Corander

This paper presents a kernelized version of the t-SNE algorithm, capable of mapping high-dimensional data to a low-dimensional space while preserving the pairwise distances between the data points in a non-Euclidean metric. This can be…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-22 Denis C. Ilie-Ablachim , Bogdan Dumitrescu , Cristian Rusu

Dimensionality reduction techniques are essential for visualizing and analyzing high-dimensional biological sequencing data. t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) is widely used for this purpose, traditionally employing the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 Avais Jan , Prakash Chourasia , Sarwan Ali , Murray Patterson

Conditional t-SNE (ct-SNE) is a recent extension to t-SNE that allows removal of known cluster information from the embedding, to obtain a visualization revealing structure beyond label information. This is useful, for example, when one…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-04-12 Edith Heiter , Bo Kang , Ruth Seurinck , Jefrey Lijffijt

This paper presents a new insight into improving the performance of Stochastic Neighbour Embedding (t-SNE) by using Isolation kernel instead of Gaussian kernel. Isolation kernel outperforms Gaussian kernel in two aspects. First, the use of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-30 Ye Zhu , Kai Ming Ting

This paper investigates the theoretical foundations of the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) algorithm, a popular nonlinear dimension reduction and data visualization method. A novel theoretical framework for the analysis…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-11-02 T. Tony Cai , Rong Ma

T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) is a well-known algorithm for visualizing high-dimensional data by finding low-dimensional representations. In this paper, we study the convergence of t-SNE with generalized kernels and…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-06-10 Yi Gu

The dimensionality reduction has been widely introduced to use the high-dimensional data for regression, classification, feature analysis, and visualization. As the one technique of dimensionality reduction, a stochastic neighbor embedding…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2020-12-03 Motoshi Abe , Junichi Miyao , Takio Kurita

This paper introduces NN-STNE, a neural network using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) as a hidden layer to reduce input dimensions by mapping long time-series data into shapelet membership probabilities. A Gaussian…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-07 Zhicong Xian , Tabish Chaudhary , Jürgen Bock

The t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t- SNE) is a method for interpreting high dimensional (HD) data by mapping each point to a low dimensional (LD) space (usually two-dimensional). It seeks to retain the structure of the data.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-18 Prakash Chourasia , Sarwan Ali , Murray Patterson

Central to the widespread use of t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) is the conviction that it produces visualizations whose structure roughly matches that of the input. To the contrary, we prove that (1) the strength of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Noah Bergam , Szymon Snoeck , Nakul Verma

Neighbor Embedding (NE) aims to preserve pairwise similarities between data items and has been shown to yield an effective principle for data visualization. However, even the best existing NE methods such as Stochastic Neighbor Embedding…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-09-15 Zhirong Yang , Yuwei Chen , Denis Sedov , Samuel Kaski , Jukka Corander

Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (SNE) methods minimize the divergence between the similarity matrix of a high-dimensional data set and its counterpart from a low-dimensional embedding, leading to widely applied tools for data visualization.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-09-13 Yao Lu , Jukka Corander , Zhirong Yang

t-distributed Stochastic Neighborhood Embedding (t-SNE), a clustering and visualization method proposed by van der Maaten & Hinton in 2008, has rapidly become a standard tool in a number of natural sciences. Despite its overwhelming…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2017-06-09 George C. Linderman , Stefan Steinerberger

The clustering and visualisation of high-dimensional data is a ubiquitous task in modern data science. Popular techniques include nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods like t-SNE or UMAP. These methods face the `scale-problem' of…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-10-20 Jack Kendrick

Nonlinear data visualization using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) enables the representation of complex single-cell transcriptomic landscapes in two or three dimensions to depict biological populations accurately.…

基因组学 · 定量生物学 2024-10-02 Hui Ma , Kai Chen

t-SNE and hierarchical clustering are popular methods of exploratory data analysis, particularly in biology. Building on recent advances in speeding up t-SNE and obtaining finer-grained structure, we combine the two to create tree-SNE, a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-02-14 Isaac Robinson , Emma Pierce-Hoffman

The t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) has emerged as a popular dimensionality reduction technique for visualizing high-dimensional data. It computes pairwise similarities between data points by default using an RBF kernel…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Sarwan Ali , Prakash Chourasia , Haris Mansoor , Bipin koirala , Murray Patterson

The t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) is a powerful and popular method for visualizing high-dimensional data. It minimizes the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between the original and embedded data distributions. In this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-11-06 Daniel Jiwoong Im , Nakul Verma , Kristin Branson
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