相关论文: Methods to simplify cooling of liquid Helium cryos…

We present a novel cooling method that uses the phase separation and evaporative cooling of 3He to reach and continuously maintain sub-kelvin temperatures. While less complex than a dilution refrigerator, the system performs similarly to a…

Superfluid helium's low-loss dielectric properties, excellent thermal conductivity, and unique collective excitations make it an attractive candidate to incorporate into superconducting qubit systems. We controllably immerse a…

Cryogenic helium-4 has extremely small kinetic viscosity, which makes it a promising material for high Reynolds ($Re$) number turbulence research in compact laboratory apparatuses. In its superfluid phase (He II), helium has an…

The recent torsional oscillator results of Kim and Chan suggest a supersolid phase transition in solid He-4 confined in Vycor. We have used a capacitive technique to directly monitor density changes for helium confined in Vycor at low…

A model of a multilayer device with non-trivial geometrical structure and nonlinear dependencies of thermodynamic material properties at cryogenic temperatures is suggested. A considered device, called cryogenic cell, is intended for use in…

We describe the preparation of ultra cold atomic clouds in a dilution refrigerator. The closed cycle 3He/4He cryostat was custom made to provide optical access for laser cooling, optical manipulation and detection of atoms. We show that the…

Microfabricated ion-trap devices offer a promising pathway towards scalable quantum computing. Research efforts have begun to focus on the engineering challenges associated with developing large-scale ion-trap arrays and networks. However,…

The first part of this chapter gives an introduction to heat transfer and cooling techniques at low temperature. We review the fundamental laws of heat transfer (conduction, convection and radiation) and give useful data specific to…

A sudden loss of vacuum can be catastrophic for particle accelerators. In such an event, air leaks into the liquid-helium-cooled accelerator beamline tube and condenses on its inner surface, causing rapid boiling of the helium and dangerous…

We describe and discuss an experimental set-up which allows undergraduate and graduate students to view and study magnetic levitation on a type-I superconductor. The demonstration can be repeated many times using one readily available 25…

We describe the SPIDER flight cryostat, which is designed to cool six millimeter-wavelength telescopes during an Antarctic long-duration balloon flight. The cryostat, one of the largest to have flown on a stratospheric payload, uses liquid…

We present transport measurements of electrons on the surface of liquid helium in a microchannel device in which a constriction may be formed by a split-gate electrode. The surface electron current passing through the microchannel first…

SRF cavities for particle acceleration are conventionally operated immersed in a bath of liquid helium at 4.2 K and below. Although this cooling configuration is practically and economically viable for large scientific accelerator…

Aqueous solutions of LiCl are probably the most studied electrolyte solutions related to the complexity of liquid water at low temperatures. Despite the large amount of available experimental data hardly any computational studies were…

Superconducting radio-frequency cavities are commonly used in modern particle accelerators for applied and fundamental research. Such cavities are typically made of high-purity, bulk Nb and are cooled by a liquid helium bath at a…

We describe a helium evaporation refrigerator used to cool dynamically polarized proton and deuteron targets for electron-scattering experiments using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer CLAS12 at Jefferson Lab. The geometry of the…

Although 3D IC technology can provide very high integration density, they suffer from having hotspots that may reach thousands of degrees. To manage this heat, it is necessary to study the dynamics of cooling and thermal behavior of the…

We demonstrate a novel method to ionize molecules or molecular clusters by proton transfer at temperatures below 1 K. The method yields nascent ions and largely eliminates secondary reactions, even for notoriously "delicate" molecules.…

We have designed and built a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) setup for operation at millikelvin temperatures in ultra high vacuum. A compact cryostat with an integrated dilution refrigerator has been built, that allows measurements at a…

Electrons on the surface of liquid helium are a widely studied system that may also provide a promising method to implement a quantum computer. One experimental challenge in these studies is to generate electrons on the helium surface in a…