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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of deep learning systems, particularly in safety-critical applications. Likelihood-based deep generative models have historically faced criticism for their…

When deploying a trained machine learning model in the real world, it is inevitable to receive inputs from out-of-distribution (OOD) sources. For instance, in continual learning settings, it is common to encounter OOD samples due to the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-23 Chuanwen Feng , Wenlong Chen , Ao Ke , Yilong Ren , Xike Xie , S. Kevin Zhou

As deep learning methods form a critical part in commercially important applications such as autonomous driving and medical diagnostics, it is important to reliably detect out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs while employing these algorithms.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-09-12 Apoorv Vyas , Nataraj Jammalamadaka , Xia Zhu , Dipankar Das , Bharat Kaul , Theodore L. Willke

The ability to detect Out-of-Distribution (OOD) data is important in safety-critical applications of deep learning. The aim is to separate In-Distribution (ID) data drawn from the training distribution from OOD data using a measure of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-21 Guoxuan Xia , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

One of the challenges for neural networks in real-life applications is the overconfident errors these models make when the data is not from the original training distribution. Addressing this issue is known as Out-of-Distribution (OOD)…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-24 Sina Sharifi , Taha Entesari , Bardia Safaei , Vishal M. Patel , Mahyar Fazlyab

Estimating uncertainty from deep neural networks is a widely used approach for detecting out-of-distribution (OoD) samples, which typically exhibit high predictive uncertainty. However, conventional methods such as Monte Carlo (MC) Dropout…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-25 JinYoung Kim , DaeUng Jo , Kimin Yun , Jeonghyo Song , Youngjoon Yoo

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for determining when a supervised model encounters inputs that differ meaningfully from its training distribution. While widely studied in classification, OOD detection for regression and…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-12-16 Min Lu , Hemant Ishwaran

We present a principled approach for detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) and adversarial samples in deep neural networks. Our approach consists in modeling the outputs of the various layers (deep features) with parametric probability…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-09-27 Nilesh A. Ahuja , Ibrahima Ndiour , Trushant Kalyanpur , Omesh Tickoo

Deep neural networks for image classification only learn to map in-distribution inputs to their corresponding ground truth labels in training without differentiating out-of-distribution samples from in-distribution ones. This results from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-08-29 Zhilin Zhao , Longbing Cao , Kun-Yu Lin

To detect distribution shifts and improve model safety, many out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods rely on the predictive uncertainty or features of supervised models trained on in-distribution data. In this paper, we critically…

The problem of detecting whether a test sample is from in-distribution (i.e., training distribution by a classifier) or out-of-distribution sufficiently different from it arises in many real-world machine learning applications. However, the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2018-02-27 Kimin Lee , Honglak Lee , Kibok Lee , Jinwoo Shin

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection lies at the heart of robust artificial intelligence (AI), aiming to identify samples from novel distributions beyond the training set. Recent approaches have exploited feature representations as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-06 Tarhib Al Azad , Faizul Rakib Sayem , Shahana Ibrahim

Density-based Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has recently been shown unreliable for the task of detecting OOD images. Various density ratio based approaches achieve good empirical performance, however methods typically lack a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-06-09 Mingtian Zhang , Andi Zhang , Tim Z. Xiao , Yitong Sun , Steven McDonagh

Deep neural networks achieve superior performance in challenging tasks such as image classification. However, deep classifiers tend to incorrectly classify out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs, which are inputs that do not belong to the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-10-24 Vahdat Abdelzad , Krzysztof Czarnecki , Rick Salay , Taylor Denounden , Sachin Vernekar , Buu Phan

Nowadays, Deep Learning (DL) methods often overcome the limitations of traditional signal processing approaches. Nevertheless, DL methods are barely applied in real-life applications. This is mainly due to limited robustness and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-27 Julius Ott , Lorenzo Servadei , Gianfranco Mauro , Thomas Stadelmayer , Avik Santra , Robert Wille

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is a fundamental challenge in the deployment of machine learning models. From a security standpoint, this is particularly important because OOD test data can result in misleadingly confident yet…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Onat Gungor , Amanda Sofie Rios , Nilesh Ahuja , Tajana Rosing

Uncertainty estimation aims to evaluate the confidence of a trained deep neural network. However, existing uncertainty estimation approaches rely on low-dimensional distributional assumptions and thus suffer from the high dimensionality of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-26 Tsai Hor Chan , Kin Wai Lau , Jiajun Shen , Guosheng Yin , Lequan Yu

The training and test data for deep-neural-network-based classifiers are usually assumed to be sampled from the same distribution. When part of the test samples are drawn from a distribution that is sufficiently far away from that of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-14 Yinan Wang , Wenbo Sun , Jionghua "Judy" Jin , Zhenyu "James" Kong , Xiaowei Yue

Deep neural networks suffer from the overconfidence issue in the open world, meaning that classifiers could yield confident, incorrect predictions for out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. Thus, it is an urgent and challenging task to detect…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-04-12 Qiuyu Zhu , Guohui Zheng , Yingying Yan

Current deep learning solutions are well known for not informing whether they can reliably classify an example during inference. One of the most effective ways to build more reliable deep learning solutions is to improve their performance…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-08-09 David Macêdo