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Bitcoin blockchain faces the bitcoin scalability problem, for which bitcoin's blocks contain the transactions on the bitcoin network. The on-chain transaction processing capacity of the bitcoin network is limited by the average block…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2018-08-14 Changting Lin , Ning Ma , Xun Wang , Zhenguang Liu , Jianhai Chen , Shouling Ji

Sharding is used to address the performance and scalability issues of the blockchain protocols, which divides the overall transaction processing costs among multiple clusters of nodes. Shards require less storage capacity and communication…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2023-03-31 Ramesh Adhikari , Costas Busch

Blockchain technology offers decentralization and security but struggles with scalability, particularly in enterprise settings where efficiency and controlled access are paramount. Sharding is a promising solution for private blockchains,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 M. Z. Haider , M. Dias de Assuncao , Kaiwen Zhang

There exist many forms of Blockchain finality conditions, from deterministic to probabilistic terminations. To favor availability against consistency in the face of partitions, most blockchains only offer probabilistic eventual finality:…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-12-21 Emmanuelle Anceaume , Antonella Pozzo , Thibault Rieutord , Sara Tucci-Piergiovanni

A blockchain system is a replicated state machine that must be fault tolerant. When designing a blockchain system, there is usually a trade-off between decentralization, scalability, and security. In this paper, we propose a novel…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2018-11-20 Tai-Yuan Chen , Wei-Ning Huang , Po-Chun Kuo , Hao Chung , Tzu-Wei Chao

Blockchain consensus is a state whereby each node in a network agrees on the current state of the blockchain. Existing protocols achieve consensus via a contest or voting procedure to select one node as a dictator to propose new blocks.…

理论经济学 · 经济学 2022-06-22 Joshua S. Gans , Richard Holden

Consensus protocols are currently the bottlenecks that prevent blockchain systems from scaling. However, we argue that transaction execution is also important to the performance and security of blockchains. In other words, there are ample…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-07-15 Daniël Reijsbergen , Tien Tuan Anh Dinh

Parallel execution of smart contract transactions in large multicore architectures is critical for higher efficiency and improved throughput. The main bottleneck for maximizing the throughput of a node through parallel execution is…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-08-15 Parwat Singh Anjana , Matin Amini , Rohit Kapoor , Rahul Parmar , Raghavendra Ramesh , Srivatsan Ravi , Joshua Tobkin

Recent advances in the blockchain research have been made in two important directions. One is refined resilience analysis utilizing game theory to study the consequences of selfish behaviors of users (miners), and the other is the extension…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-02-09 Lin Chen , Lei Xu , Zhimin Gao , Ahmed Sunny , Keshav Kasichainula , Weidong Shi

Byzantine fault tolerant protocols enable state replication in the presence of crashed, malfunctioning, or actively malicious processes. Designing such protocols without the assistance of verification tools, however, is remarkably…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-09-23 Joel Wanner , Laurent Chuat , Adrian Perrig

The set of distributed ledger architectures known as blockchain is best known for cryptocurrency applications such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. These permissionless block chains are showing the potential to be disruptive to the financial…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2019-01-31 Sara Rouhani , Luke Butterworth , Adam D. Simmons , Darryl G. Humphery , Ralph Deters

Tendermint-core blockchains (e.g. Cosmos) are considered today one of the most viable alternatives for the highly energy consuming proof-of-work blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. Their particularity is that they aim at offering…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2018-12-14 Yackolley Amoussou-Guenou , Antonella Del Pozzo , Maria Potop-Butucaru , Sara Tucci-Piergiovanni

Threshold cryptography is essential for many blockchain protocols. For example, many protocols rely on threshold common coin to implement asynchronous consensus, leader elections, and provide support for randomized applications. Similarly,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Zhuolun Xiang , Sourav Das , Zekun Li , Zhoujun Ma , Alexander Spiegelman

Off-chain protocols (channels) are a promising solution to the scalability and privacy challenges of blockchain payments. Current proposals, however, require synchrony assumptions to preserve the safety of a channel, leaking to an adversary…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-06-22 Georgia Avarikioti , Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias , Roger Wattenhofer , Dionysis Zindros

Scalability is a crucial requirement for modern large-scale systems, enabling elasticity and ensuring responsiveness under varying load. While cloud systems have achieved scalable architectures, blockchain systems remain constrained by the…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-02-14 Quentin Kniep , Lefteris Kokoris-Kogias , Alberto Sonnino , Igor Zablotchi , Nuda Zhang

Public blockchains should be able to scale with respect to the number of nodes and to the transactions workload. The blockchain scalability trilemma has been informally conjectured. This is related to scalability, security and…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-06-08 Gianmaria Del Monte , Diego Pennino , Maurizio Pizzonia

Blockchain interoperability protocols enable cross-chain asset transfers or data retrievals between isolated chains, which are considered as the core infrastructure for Web 3.0 applications such as decentralized finance protocols. However,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-11-04 Yinfeng Cao , Jiannong Cao , Dongbin Bai , Long Wen , Yang Liu , Ruidong Li

Bitcoin is an immutable permissionless blockchain system that has been extensively used as a public bulletin board by many different applications that heavily relies on its immutability. However, Bitcoin's immutability is not without its…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-10-10 Dominic Deuber , Bernardo Magri , Sri Aravinda Krishnan Thyagarajan

As distributed ledgers, blockchains run consensus protocols which trade capacity for consistency, especially in non-ideal networks with incomplete connectivity and erroneous links. Existing studies on the tradeoff between capacity and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-06-29 Xu Wang , Wei Ni , Xuan Zha , Guangsheng Yu , Ren Ping Liu , Nektarios Georgalas , Andrew Reeves

The recent surge of blockchain systems has renewed the interest in traditional Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus protocols. Many such consensus protocols have a primary-backup design in which an assigned replica, the primary, is…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2019-08-07 Suyash Gupta , Jelle Hellings , Mohammad Sadoghi
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