相关论文: Saha ionization equation in early universe
In the context of the solar atmosphere, we re-examine the role of of neutral and ionized species in dissipating the ordered energy of intermediate-mode MHD waves into heat. We solve conservation equations for the hydrodynamics and for…
Radiative emission during cold collisions between trapped laser-cooled Rb atoms and alkaline-earth ions (Ca$^+$, Sr$^+$, Ba$^+$) and Yb$^+$, and between Li and Yb$^+$, are studied theoretically, using accurate effective-core-potential based…
We present first-principles calculations of the rate of energy exchanges between electrons and ions in nonequilibrium warm dense plasmas, liquid metals and hot solids, a fundamental property for which various models offer diverging…
The equations determining the energy density $\rho$ of a gas of photons in thermodynamic equilibrium with a spherical mass $M$ at a non-zero temperature $T_s>0$ is derived from Einstein's equations. It is found that for large $r$, $\rho…
In this paper we present a critical discussion of the algorithms commonly used in N-body simulations of Galaxy Formation to deal with the energy equation governing heating and cooling, to model star formation and the star formation rate,…
We have computed the charge that develops on an SQN in space as a result of balance between the rates of ionization by ambient gammas and capture of ambient electrons. We have also computed the times for achieving that equilibrium and…
We propose a methodology to perform a self-consistent analysis of the physical properties of the emitting gas of HII galaxies adequate to the data that can be obtained with the XXI century technology. This methodology requires the…
We present numerical simulations of the evolution of a supernova (SN) remnant expanding into a uniform background medium with density $n_H = 1.0$ cm$^{-3}$ and temperature of $10^4$ K. We include a dynamically evolving non-equilibrium…
Starlight in the Universe impedes the passage of high energy (e.g. TeV) gamma rays due to positron-electron pair production. The history of this stellar radiation field depends upon observations of star formation rate which themselves can…
Within the next few years experiments at RHIC and the LHC will seek to create in the laboratory a quark-gluon plasma, the phase of matter in which the Universe was initially created. It is believed that the plasma will survive long enough…
The escape of ionizing radiation from galaxies plays a critical role in the evolution of gas in galaxies, and the heating and ionization history of the intergalactic medium. We present semi-analytic calculations of the escape fraction of…
We present a self-consistent approach to the modeling of dense plasma mixtures in local thermodynamic equilibrium. In each electron configuration the nucleus is totally screened by electrons in a Wigner-Seitz sphere (ion-sphere model).…
Reionization represents an important phase in the history of our Universe when ultraviolet radiation from the first luminous sources, primarily stars and accreting black holes, ionized the neutral hydrogen atoms in the intergalactic medium…
The dynamical evolution of hot optically thin plasmas in the ISM crucially depends on the heating and cooling processes. It is essential to realize that all physical processes that contribute operate on different time scales. In particular…
We calculate the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter at finite temperature based on chiral effective field theory interactions to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order. Our results assess the theoretical uncertainties from the…
It has previously been shown that it is more general to describe the evolution of the universe based on the emergence of the space and the energy balance relation. Here we investigate the thermodynamic properties of the universe described…
First postinflationary stage of the Universe evolution is considered in more detail. It is shown that heavy particles with mass $M_{H}\sim M_{GUT}$ arising at the Universe at phase transitions at Grand Unification Energies behave like ideal…
A method is presented to derive electron temperatures and densities of planetary nebulae (PNe) simultaneously, using the observed hydrogen recombination spectrum, which includes continuum and line emission. By matching theoretical spectra…
The Euler equation has been accepted as the basic postulate of stellar physics long before the plasma physics was developed. The existence of electrical interaction between particles of interstellar plasma poses the question, how this…
During transient events such as major solar eruptions, the plasma can be far from the equilibrium ionization state because of rapid heating or cooling. Non-equilibrium ionization~(NEI) is important in rapidly evolving systems where the…