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Planetesimal formation likely lasted for millions of years in the solar nebula, and the cold classicals in the Kuiper Belt are suggested to be the direct products of streaming instability. The presence of minor planetary bodies in the outer…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-11-18 Tommy Chi Ho Lau , Til Birnstiel , Sebastian Markus Stammler , Joanna Drążkowska

The evolution of gravitationally unstable protoplanetary gaseous disks has been studied with the use of three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations with unprecedented resolution. We have considered disks with initial…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2008-11-26 Lucio Mayer , Thomas Quinn , James Wadsley , Joachim Stadel

We show that interaction with a gas disk may produce young planetary systems with closely-spaced orbits, stabilized by mean-motion resonances between neighbors. On longer timescales, after the gas is gone, interaction with a remnant…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 Edward W. Thommes , Geoffrey Bryden , Yanqin Wu , Frederic A. Rasio

Planet formation may begin much earlier than previously expected, when the protoplanetary disk is still massive and gravitationally unstable. It has been proposed that solid grains can concentrate in the spiral arms of self-gravitating…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-11-04 Hans Baehr , Ken Rice , Chao-Chin Yang , Cassandra Hall

With the use of long-term numerical simulations, we study the evolution and orbital behavior of cometary nuclei in cold Kuiper belt-like debris disks under the gravitational influence of dwarf planets (DPs); we carry out these simulations…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-09-30 Marco A. Muñoz-Gutiérrez , Barbara Pichardo , Mauricio Reyes-Ruiz , Antonio Peimbert

The cores of wide-orbit giant planets can form via pebble accretion if large planetesimals form in the outer regions of protoplanetary discs at sufficiently early times. Streaming instability simulations support mass distributions…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-03-11 Sebastian Lorek , Michiel Lambrechts

It is likely that young protostellar disks undergo a self-gravitating phase. Such systems are characterized by the presence of a spiral pattern that can be either in a quasi-steady state or in a nonlinear unstable condition. This spiral…

Characterization of migration in gravitationally unstable disks is necessary to understand the fate of protoplanets formed by disk instability. As part of a larger study, we are using a 3D radiative hydrodynamics code to investigate how an…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-28 Scott Michael , Richard H. Durisen , Aaron C. Boley

Many features of the outer solar system are replicated in numerical simulations if the giant planets undergo an orbital instability that ejects one or more ice giants. During this instability, Jupiter and Saturn's orbits diverge, crossing…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-12-09 Nathan A. Kaib , John E. Chambers

Circumstellar disks have long been regarded as windows into planetary systems. The advent of high sensitivity, high resolution imaging in the submillimetre where both the solid and gas components of disks can be detected opens up new…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-03-23 Brenda C. Matthews , JJ Kavelaars

Observations of dusty debris disks can be used to test theories of planetesimal coagulation. Planetesimals of sizes up to a couple thousand kms are embedded in these disks and their mutual collisions generate the small dust grains that are…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2011-10-03 Andrew B. Shannon , Yanqin Wu

Axisymmetric disks of high eccentricity, low mass bodies on near-Keplerian orbits are unstable to an out-of-plane buckling. This "inclination instability" exponentially grows the orbital inclinations, raises perihelia distances and clusters…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-07-15 Alexander Zderic , Ann-Marie Madigan

Observational evidence suggests that gas disk instability may be responsible for the formation of at least some gas giant exoplanets, particularly massive or distant gas giants. With regard to close-in gas giants, Boss (2017) used the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-10-16 Alan P. Boss

Prevailing $N$-body planet formation models typically start with lunar-mass embryos and show a general trend of rapid migration of massive planetary cores to the inner Solar System in the absence of a migration trap. This setup cannot…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-03-27 Tommy Chi Ho Lau , Man Hoi Lee , Ramon Brasser , Soko Matsumura

Planetary systems can evolve dynamically even after the planets themselves have fully formed, and there is circumstantial evidence that most planetary systems become unstable after the disappearance of the gaseous protoplanetary disk.…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-08-20 Antoine C. Petit , Gabriele Pichierri , Max Goldberg , Alessandro Morbidelli

There has been disagreement currently about whether cooling in protoplanetary disks can be sufficiently fast to induce the formation of gas giant protoplanets via gravitational instabilities. Simulations by our own group and others indicate…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-13 Kai Cai , Megan K. Pickett , Richard H. Durisen , Anne M. Milne

Containing only a few percent the mass of the moon, the current asteroid belt is around three to four orders of magnitude smaller that its primordial mass inferred from disk models. Yet dynamical studies have shown that the asteroid belt…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-01-16 Matthew S. Clement , Sean N. Raymond , Nathan A. Kaib

Recent ALMA observations on disk substructures suggest the presence of embedded protoplanets in a large number disks. The primordial configurations of these planetary systems can be deduced from the morphology of the disk substructure and…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-06-22 Shijie Wang , Kazuhiro D. Kanagawa , Yasushi Suto

Drastic changes in protoplanets' orbits could occur in the early stages of planetary systems through interactions with other planets and their surrounding protoplanetary or debris discs. The resulting planetary system could exhibit orbits…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-09-14 Pedro P. Poblete , Torsten Löhne , Tim D. Pearce , Antranik A. Sefilian

Advances in computing power and numerical methodologies over the past several decades sparked a prolific output of dynamical investigations of the late stages of terrestrial planet formation. Among other peculiar inner solar system…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-10-12 Matthew S. Clement , Rogerio Deienno , Andre Izidoro