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The increasing size of the Key-Value (KV) cache during the Large Language Models long-context inference is the main obstacle for its balance between the deployment cost and task accuracy. To reduce the KV cache size in such scenarios, most…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-25 Manlai Liang , JiaMing Zhang , Xiong Li , Jinlong Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multi-turn conversational applications, where the management of the Key-Value (KV) Cache presents a significant bottleneck. The linear growth of the KV Cache with dialogue history…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-09 Xiang Liu , Hong Chen , Xuming Hu , Xiaowen Chu

Auto-regressive inference of transformers benefit greatly from Key-Value (KV) caching, but can lead to major memory bottlenecks as model size, batch size, and sequence length grow at scale. We introduce Multi-Layer Key-Value (MLKV) sharing,…

Withtherapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), the context length for inference has been continuously increasing, leading to an exponential growth in the demand for Key-Value (KV) caching. This has resulted in a significant…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-08-11 Yanyu Liu , Jingying Fu , Sixiang Liu , Yitian Zou , You Fu , Jiehan Zhou , Shouhua Zhang

Large language model (LLM) applications often reuse previously processed context, such as chat history and documents, which introduces significant redundant computation. Existing LLM serving systems address such redundant computation by…

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have highlighted the critical importance of extending context length, yet the quadratic complexity of attention mechanisms poses significant challenges for efficient long-context modeling. KV…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-07 Wanyun Cui , Mingwei Xu

Supporting long-context LLMs is challenging due to the substantial memory demands of the key-value (KV) cache. Existing offloading systems store the full cache in host memory and selectively fetch critical entries during decoding, but this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Jian Lin , Jiazhi Mi , Zicong Hong , Haodong Wang , Qianli Liu , Haodyue Zhang , Peng Li , Song Guo

Modern data-intensive applications increasingly store and process big-value items, such as multimedia objects and machine learning embeddings, which exacerbate storage inefficiencies in Log-Structured Merge-Tree (LSM)-based key-value…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Ming Li , Wendi Cheng , Jiahe Wei , Xueqiang Shan , Weikai Liu , Xiaonan Zhao , Xiao Zhang

Autoregressive decoding in large language models (LLMs) requires caching a growing list of past key-value (KV) pairs, making long-context inference a memory-bound problem. While recent methods have explored quantizing the cache, evicting…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-08 Harshil Vejendla

Modern databases typically makes use of the Log Structured Merge-Tree for organizing data in indexes, which is a kind of disk-based data structure. It was proposed to efficiently handle frequent update queries (also called update intensive…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2024-02-28 Supriya Mishra

LSM-trees are widely adopted as the storage backend of key-value stores. However, optimizing the system performance under dynamic workloads has not been sufficiently studied or evaluated in previous work. To fill the gap, we present RusKey,…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2023-09-19 Dingheng Mo , Fanchao Chen , Siqiang Luo , Caihua Shan

The development of large language models (LLMs) has significantly expanded model sizes, resulting in substantial GPU memory requirements during inference. The key and value storage of the attention map in the KV (key-value) cache accounts…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-25 Yifei Yang , Zouying Cao , Qiguang Chen , Libo Qin , Dongjie Yang , Hai Zhao , Zhi Chen

The power and flexibility of software-defined networks lead to a programmable network infrastructure in which in-network computation can help accelerating the performance of applications. This can be achieved by offloading some…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-10-29 Hebatalla Eldakiky , David Hung-Chang Du , Eman Ramadan

With the advancements in long-context inference capabilities of large language models (LLMs), the KV cache has become one of the foundational components. However, its substantial GPU memory consumption makes KV cache compression a key…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-28 Youhui Zuo , Sibo Wei , Chen Zhang , Zhuorui Liu , Wenpeng Lu , Dawei Song

As context windows in LLMs scale to 100K+ tokens, the key-value (KV) cache becomes the dominant memory bottleneck, with recent methods claiming 80-90% savings and minimal benchmark degradation. We argue these evaluations miss a structural…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Samhruth Ananthanarayanan , Ayan Sengupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning in large language models (LLMs) significantly improves accuracy on complex tasks, yet incurs excessive memory overhead due to the long think-stage sequences stored in the Key-Value (KV) cache. Unlike…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Zihan Wang , Cheng Tang , Lei Gong , Cheng Li , Chao Wang , teng wang , Wenqi Lou , Xuehai Zhou

Long-horizon LLM inference turns the key--value (KV) cache into the dominant GPU memory consumer and makes per-token attention increasingly expensive. Many common eviction policies use static recency windows or historical attention, leaving…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Yubo Li , Yidi Miao

Visual autoregressive modeling (VAR) via next-scale prediction has emerged as a scalable image generation paradigm. While Key and Value (KV) caching in large language models (LLMs) has been extensively studied, next-scale prediction…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-21 Boxun Xu , Yu Wang , Zihu Wang , Peng Li

Long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has significantly advanced the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), but this progress is accompanied by substantial memory and latency overhead from the extensive Key-Value (KV) cache. Although…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Tao Zhang , Ziqian Zeng , Hao Peng , Huiping Zhuang , Cen Chen

Recent progress in LLM reasoning has increasingly shifted from single-pass generation to explicit search over intermediate reasoning states. Tree-of-Thoughts (ToT) organizes inference to tree-structured search with branching and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Yeqiu Chen , Ziyan Liu , Zhenxin Huang , Runquan Gui , Hong Wang , Lei Liu