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Low-temperature experiments are performed on novel nanoscale nonlinear devices (ballistic rectifiers) as well as nano-structured artificial materials, fabricated from an InP/InGaAs quantum well wafer. A DC output is generated between the…
A major motivation for cold atom experiments is the search for quantum ground states such as antiferromagnets and d-wave superfluids. The primary obstacle to this task is the difficulty of cooling to sufficiently low temperatures. We…
Understanding heat transport is relevant to develop efficient strategies for thermal management in microelectronics for instance, as well as for fundamental science purposes. However, measuring temperatures in nanostructured environments…
This article provides an overview, primarily from an experimental perspective, of recent progress and future prospects in using helium to realize a range of quantum materials of generic interest, by "top-down" and "bottom-up"…
To achieve room-temperature superconductivity, a mechanism is needed that provides heavy quasiparticles at room temperature. In heavy fermion systems such localization is prototypically present only at liquid helium temperatures. In these…
In a normal-metal/insulator/superconductor (NIS) tunnel junction refrigerator, the normal-metal electrons are cooled and the dissipated power heats the superconducting electrode. This paper presents a review of the mechanisms by which heat…
A major goal of ultracold atomic physics is quantum simulation of spin Hamiltonians in optical lattices. Progress towards this goal requires the attainment of extremely low temperatures. Here we demonstrate a new cooling method which…
We show how charged levitated nano- and micro-particles can be cooled by interfacing them with an $RLC$ circuit. All-electrical levitation and cooling is applicable to a wide range of particle sizes and materials, and will enable…
The Peltier effect is the reverse phenomenon of the Seebeck effect, and has been observed experimentally in nanoscale junctions. However, despite its promising applications in local cooling of nanoelectronic devices, the role of strong…
Following significant progress in the visualization and characterization of hybrid superconducting-semiconducting systems, greatly propelled by reports of Majorana zero modes in nanowire devices, considerable attention has been devoted to…
The timescale of electronic cooling is an important parameter controlling the performance of devices based on quantum materials for optoelectronic, thermoelectric and thermal management applications. In most conventional materials, cooling…
Cooling microwave resonators to near the quantum ground state, crucial for their operation in the quantum regime, is typically achieved by direct device refrigeration to a few tens of millikelvin. However, in quantum experiments that…
A method is described for cooling conductive channels to below ambient temperature. The thermodynamic induction principle dictates that the electrically biased channel will cool if the electrical conductance decreases with temperature. The…
Improved accessibility to the microkelvin temperature regime is important for future research in quantum materials; for quantum information science; and for applications of quantum sensors. Here we report the design and performance of a…
Nano- and micromechanical oscillators with high quality (Q) factors have gained much attention for their potential application as ultrasensitive detectors. In contrast to micro-fabricated devices, optically trapped nanoparticles in vacuum…
Plasma dynamics critically depends on density and temperature, thus well-controlled experimental realizations are essential benchmarks for theoretical models. The formation of an ultracold plasma can be triggered by ionizing a tunable…
Scalable architectures characterized by quantum bits (qubits) with low error rates are essential to the development of a practical quantum computer. In the superconducting quantum computing implementation, understanding and minimizing…
The cooling of two-dimensional electrons in silicon-metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors is studied experimentally. Cooling to the lattice is found to be more effective than expected from the bulk electron-phonon coupling in…
CMOS-based microelectronics are limited to ~150{\deg}C and therefore not suitable for the extreme high temperatures in aerospace, energy, and space applications. While wide bandgap semiconductors can provide high-temperature logic,…
Nonpolar atoms or molecules with low particle mass and weak inter-particle interactions can form quantum liquids and solids (QLS) at low temperatures. Excess electrons naturally bind to the surfaces of QLS in a vacuum, exhibiting unique…