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Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are off-nuclear X-ray sources in nearby galaxies with X-ray luminosities $\geq$ 10$^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$. The measurement of the black hole (BH) masses of ULXs is a long-standing problem. Here we estimate…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2015-06-23 Xin-Lin Zhou

Context. Several instances of low frequency Quasi-Periodic Oscillations (QPOs) have been reported in ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs), including three in pulsating ones (PULXs) to date. The nature of many ULXs is still unclear, as are the…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-11-05 Miljenko Čemeljić , Włodek Kluźniak , Sukalpa Kundu

The extreme extragalactic sources known as Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULX) represent a unique testing environment for compact objects population studies and the accretion process. Their nature has long been disputed. Their luminosity,…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2016-04-18 Matteo Bachetti

We explored the expected properties of the neutrino emission from accreting neutron stars in X-ray binaries using numerical simulations. The simulations are based on a model in which neutrinos are produced by the decay of charged pions and…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-08-15 L. Ducci , E. Perinati , P. Romano , S. Vercellone , M. Nikołajuk , A. Santangelo , M. Sasaki

We show that black holes supplied with mass at hyper--Eddington rates drive outflows with mildly sub--relativistic velocities. These are $\sim 0.1 - 0.2c$ for Eddington accretion factors $\dot m_{\rm acc} \sim 10 - 100$, and $\sim…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2015-11-18 Andrew King , Stuart I. Muldrew

We investigate the nature of the ULX M81 X-6, which has been suggested to harbour a neutron star (NS), by studying its long-term X-ray spectral and temporal evolution, using the rich set of available archival data from XMM-Newton, Chandra,…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2023-01-25 Roberta Amato , Andres Gúrpide , Natalie A. Webb , Olivier Godet , Matthew J. Middleton

We present a model for the prediction of the optical/infra-red emission from ULXs. In the model, ULXs are binary systems with accretion taking place through Roche lobe overflow. We show that irradiation effects and presence of an accretion…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 Mark Cropper , Christopher Copperwheat , Kinwah Wu , Roberto Soria

While much has been learned in recent decades about the X-ray emission of the extragalactic Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs), their radiative output in the UV band remains poorly constrained. Understanding of the full ULX spectral energy…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2024-05-24 Andrés Gúrpide , Noel Castro Segura , Roberto Soria , Matthew Middleton

We report on XMM-Newton/Chandra/Swift/HST observations of the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) in NGC 247, which is found to make transitions between the supersoft ultraluminous (SSUL) regime with a spectrum dominated by a cool ($\sim 0.1$…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2016-11-09 Hua Feng , Lian Tao , Philip Kaaret , Fabien Grise

Supercritical accretion onto compact objects is expected to drive optically thick winds, resulting in observed X-ray emission as a function of viewing angle. However, their optical emission, either from the outer accretion disk or companion…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-08-13 Xiaohong Tang , Hua Feng

Accretion at super-Eddington rates is expected to be accompanied by strong outflows. Such outflows are observed in Galactic X-ray binaries and extragalactic Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs). However, due to their large source distances,…

We derive the luminosity-temperature relation for the super-critically accreting black holes (BHs) and compare it to the data on ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). At super-Eddington accretion rates, an outflow forms within the…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2008-11-26 Juri Poutanen , Galina Lipunova , Sergei Fabrika , Alexey G. Butkevich , Pavel Abolmasov

We present an analysis of the optical properties of three Ultra Luminous X-ray (ULX) sources identified in NGC 925. We use Integral field unit data from the George Mitchel spectrograph in the context of the Metal-THINGS survey. The optical…

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are a class of accreting compact objects with X-ray luminosities above 10$^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$. The average number of ULXs per galaxy is still not well constrained, especially given the uncertainty on the…

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are amongst the most intriguing of X-ray source classes. Their extreme luminosities - greater than 10^39 erg/s in the 0.3 - 10 keV band alone - suggest either the presence of black holes larger than those…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2008-11-26 T. P. Roberts

We investigate numerically the energy flow and radiation efficiency of accreting neutron stars as potential ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). We perform ten simulations {in radiative general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRRMHD)},…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2026-01-15 Fatemeh Kayanikhoo , Włodek Kluźniak , David Abarca , Miljenko Cemeljic

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) with Lx > 10^{39} ergs/s have been discovered in great numbers in external galaxies with ROSAT, Chandra, and XMM. The central question regarding this important class of sources is whether they represent an…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-10 Saul Rappaport , Philipp Podsiadlowski , Eric Pfahl

X-ray data provide insights into accretion processes and the compact objects of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs), while optical and infrared (IR) observations help identify the donor star and surrounding environment. Together, these…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-02-26 S. Allak , A. Akyuz

Recent observational and theoretical results have suggested that some of ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) sources may contain neutron star (NS) accretors. However, the formation channel and properties of donor stars of NS ULXs remain uncertain. By…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2020-10-26 Kunduz Abdusalam , Iminhaji Ablimit , P. Hashim , G. -L Lü , M. K. Mardini , Z. -J Wang

We model the multiwavelength properties of binaries accreting at super-critical rates with the aim to better understand the observational properties of Ultra-luminous X-ray Sources (ULXs). We calculate an extended grid of binary systems…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2021-11-17 Elena Ambrosi , Luca Zampieri , Fabio Pintore , Anna Wolter