相关论文: Vacuum energy and trace anomaly

In this work, we study tracker phantom dark energy models with a general parameterization of the scalar potentials. Our analysis also considers the scenario of having both phantom field and the cosmological constant as the dark energy…

We consider stochastically quantized self-interacting scalar fields as suitable models to generate dark energy in the universe. Second quantization effects lead to new and unexpected phenomena is the self interaction strength is strong. The…

A recently proposed effective action for the trace anomaly describes a tensor-scalar theory that is weakly coupled up to a certain high energy scale, where it becomes strongly interacting. Its ultraviolet completion is obtained by coupling…

Some issues of the cosmological constant or dark energy are briefly reviewed. There are an increasing number of observations that constrain the equation of state of dark energy more stringently and favor the time-independent cosmological…

We review and examine in detail recent developments regarding the question of the nucleon mass decomposition. We discuss in particular the virial theorem in quantum field theory and its implications for the nucleon mass decomposition and…

We consider the trace anomaly, which results from the integration of the massless conformal fermion field with the background of metric and antisymmetric tensor fields. The non-local terms in the anomaly-induced effective action do not…

Negative energy density is unavoidable in the quantum theory of field. We give a revised proof of the existence of negative energy density unambiguously for a massless scalar field.

A finite vacuum energy density implies the existence of a UV scale for gravitational modes. This gives a phenomenological scale to the dynamical equations governing the cosmological expansion that must satisfy constraints consistent with…

The interaction of QCD and electroweak sector with gravity is characterized by the generation of a massless pole in a specific form factor present in the 1-loop effective action. We briefly illustrate how to single out this behaviour in…

We assume that particles are point-like objects even when not observed. We report on the consequences of our assumption within the realm of quantum theory. An important consequence is the necessity of vacuum fields to account for particle…

We show that the trace anomaly for gravitons calculated using the usual effective action formalism depends on the choice of gauge when the background spacetime is not a solution of the classical equation of motion, that is, when off-shell.…

The one-loop effective action for non-minimal scalar modified gravity on de Sitter background with a constant scalar field is found. The corresponding induced cosmological constant is evaluated. It is shown that quantum effects in…

The fact that quantum gravity does not admit an invariant vacuum state has far-reaching consequences for all physics. It points out that space could not be empty, and we return to the notion of an aether. Such a concept requires a preferred…

Particle-antiparticle pairs are predicted by quantum field theory to appear as vacuum fluctuations. The model of the vacuum used here is postulated to have the following properties: To minimize the violation of conservation energy allowed…

We use general arguments to examine the energy scales for which a quantum coherent description of gravitating quantum energy units is necessary. The cosmological dark energy density is expected to decouple from the Friedman-Lemaitre energy…

If the Standard Model is understood as the first term of an effective field theory, the anomaly-cancellation conditions have to be worked out and fulfilled order by order in the effective field-theory expansion. We bring attention to this…

This article aims at discussing the cosmological constant problem at a pedagogical but fully technical level. We review how the vacuum energy can be regularized in flat and curved space-time and how it can be understood in terms of Feynman…

We discuss how we remove a huge discrepancy between the theory of a cosmological constant, due to the zero-point energies of matter fields, and the observation. The technique of dimensional regularization plays a decisive role. We…

We re-consider the quantum mechanics of scale invariant potentials in two dimensions. The breaking of scale invariance by quantum effects is analyzed by the explicit evaluation of the phase shift and the self-adjoint extension method. We…

We show that the presence of a temporal electromagnetic field on cosmological scales generates an effective cosmological constant which can account for the accelerated expansion of the universe. Primordial electromagnetic quantum…