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Model-free deep reinforcement learning (RL) methods have been successful in a wide variety of simulated domains. However, a major obstacle facing deep RL in the real world is their high sample complexity. Batch policy gradient methods offer…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2017-03-01 Shixiang Gu , Timothy Lillicrap , Zoubin Ghahramani , Richard E. Turner , Sergey Levine

Many reinforcement learning algorithms, particularly those that rely on return estimates for policy improvement, can suffer from poor sample efficiency and training instability due to high-variance return estimates. In this paper we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-06 Alexander W. Goodall , Edwin Hamel-De le Court , Francesco Belardinelli

Traditionally, approximate dynamic programming is employed in dialogue generation with greedy policy improvement through action sampling, as the natural language action space is vast. However, this practice is inefficient for reinforcement…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-16 Itsugun Cho , Ryota Takahashi , Yusaku Yanase , Hiroaki Saito

Robust Reinforcement Learning (RRL) is a promising Reinforcement Learning (RL) paradigm aimed at training robust to uncertainty or disturbances models, making them more efficient for real-world applications. Following this paradigm,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-06 Anton Plaksin , Vitaly Kalev

In sequential decision-making problems, Return-Conditioned Supervised Learning (RCSL) has gained increasing recognition for its simplicity and stability in modern decision-making tasks. Unlike traditional offline reinforcement learning (RL)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-11 Zhishuai Liu , Yu Yang , Ruhan Wang , Pan Xu , Dongruo Zhou

In this article, we study a model-free design approach for stochastic linear quadratic (SLQ) controllers. Based on the convexity of the SLQ dual problem and the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions, we find the relationship between the…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2024-12-24 Jing Guo , Xiushan Jiang , Weihai Zhang

When applying offline reinforcement learning (RL) in healthcare scenarios, the out-of-distribution (OOD) issues pose significant risks, as inappropriate generalization beyond clinical expertise can result in potentially harmful…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-23 Runze Yan , Xun Shen , Akifumi Wachi , Sebastien Gros , Anni Zhao , Xiao Hu

Model-free Reinforcement Learning (RL) works well when experience can be collected cheaply and model-based RL is effective when system dynamics can be modeled accurately. However, both assumptions can be violated in real world problems such…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-05-07 Mohak Bhardwaj , Ankur Handa , Dieter Fox , Byron Boots

Batch reinforcement learning (RL) aims at leveraging pre-collected data to find an optimal policy that maximizes the expected total rewards in a dynamic environment. The existing methods require absolutely continuous assumption (e.g., there…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-06-27 Xiaohong Chen , Zhengling Qi , Runzhe Wan

Recently, robust reinforcement learning (RL) methods against input observation have garnered significant attention and undergone rapid evolution due to RL's potential vulnerability. Although these advanced methods have achieved reasonable…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-04 Kosuke Nakanishi , Akihiro Kubo , Yuji Yasui , Shin Ishii

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) defines a sample-efficient learning paradigm, where a policy is learned from static and previously collected datasets without additional interaction with the environment. The major obstacle to offline RL…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-16 Yunfan Zhou , Xijun Li , Qingyu Qu

Proximal Policy Optimisation (PPO) is an established and effective policy gradient algorithm used for Language Model Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (LM-RLHF). PPO performs well empirically but has a heuristic motivation and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Jason R Brown , Lennie Wells , Edward James Young , Sergio Bacallado

The goal of reinforcement learning (RL) is to let an agent learn an optimal control policy in an unknown environment so that future expected rewards are maximized. The model-free RL approach directly learns the policy based on data samples.…

机器学习 · 统计学 2013-07-22 Syogo Mori , Voot Tangkaratt , Tingting Zhao , Jun Morimoto , Masashi Sugiyama

When safety is formulated as a limit of cumulative cost, safe reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn policies that maximize return subject to the cost constraint in data collection and deployment. Off-policy safe RL methods, although…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Guopeng Li , Matthijs T. J. Spaan , Julian F. P. Kooij

This paper offers a new hybrid probably approximately correct (PAC) reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm for Markov decision processes (MDPs) that intelligently maintains favorable features of its parents. The designed algorithm, referred…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-01-29 Ashkan Zehfroosh , Herbert G. Tanner

Conventional off-policy reinforcement learning (RL) focuses on maximizing the expected return of scalar rewards. Distributional RL (DRL), in contrast, studies the distribution of returns with the distributional Bellman operator in a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-08-15 Dong Neuck Lee , Michael R. Kosorok

In this paper, we consider the problem of learning safe policies for probabilistic-constrained reinforcement learning (RL). Specifically, a safe policy or controller is one that, with high probability, maintains the trajectory of the agent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-14 Weiqin Chen , Dharmashankar Subramanian , Santiago Paternain

We study the continuous-time counterpart of Q-learning for reinforcement learning (RL) under the entropy-regularized, exploratory diffusion process formulation introduced by Wang et al. (2020). As the conventional (big) Q-function collapses…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-07 Yanwei Jia , Xun Yu Zhou

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods rely on experience replay to approximate the minibatched supervised learning setting; however, unlike supervised learning where access to lots of training data is crucial to generalization,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-02-24 Brett Daley , Cameron Hickert , Christopher Amato

Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is the predominant algorithm for training text generation models. This paradigm relies on direct supervision examples, which is not applicable to many emerging applications, such as generating adversarial…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-25 Han Guo , Bowen Tan , Zhengzhong Liu , Eric P. Xing , Zhiting Hu