相关论文: On the longitudinal momentum of the electron at th…

Tunnel ionization belongs to the fundamental processes of atomic physics. The so-called two-step model, which describes the ionization as instantaneous tunneling at the electric field maximum and classical motion afterwards with zero exit…

Based on the strong-field approximation, we obtain analytical expressions for the initial momentum at the tunnel exit and instantaneous ionization rate of tunneling ionization in elliptically polarized laser fields with arbitrary…

We present an ellipticity resolved study of momentum distributions arising from strong-field ionization of Helium at constant intensity. The influence of the ion potential on the departing electron is considered within a semi-classical…

Laser-induced electron tunneling underlies numerous emerging spectroscopic techniques to probe attosecond electron dynamics in atoms and molecules. The improvement of those techniques requires an accurate knowledge of the exit momentum for…

Quantum tunnelling, a hallmark phenomenon of quantum mechanics, allows particles to pass through the classically forbidden region. It underpins fundamental processes ranging from nuclear fusion and photosynthesis to the operation of…

Recent attoclock experiments and theoretical studies regarding the strong-field ionization of atoms by few-cycle infrared pulses revealed new features that have attracted much attention. Here we investigate tunneling ionization and the…

We investigate the liberation of an atomic electron by a linearly polarized single-cycle near-infrared laser pulse having a peak intensity that ensures tunneling. Based on phase space analysis and energy distribution in the instantaneous…

Tunneling of a particle through a potential barrier is a fundamental physical process and a major thought-provoking outcome of quantum physics. It is at the basis of multiple scientific and technological advances and strongly influences…

We make a brief review of the Kramers escape rate theory for the probabilistic motion of a particle in a potential well U(x), and under the influence of classical fluctuation forces. The Kramers theory is extended in order to take into…

There remains the old question of how long a quantum particle takes to tunnel through a potential barrier higher than its incident kinetic energy. In this article a solution of the question is proposed on the basis of a realistic…

How much time does a wave packet spent in tunneling a barrier? Quantum mechanical calculations result in zero time inside a barrier. In the nineties analogous tunneling experiments with microwaves were carried out confirming quantum…

Tunneling is one of the most bizarre phenomena in quantum mechanics. An attempt to understand it led to the next natural question of how long does a particle need to tunnel a barrier. The latter gave rise to several definitions such as the…

Tunneling times in atomic ionization are studied theoretically by a virtual detector approach. A virtual detector is a hypothetical device that allows one to monitor the wave function's density with spatial and temporal resolution during…

We present measurements of the rates for an electron to tunnel on and off a quantum dot, obtained using a quantum point contact charge sensor. The tunnel rates show exponential dependence on drain-source bias and plunger gate voltages. The…

The limit of decreasing laser frequency can not be considered independently from nondipole effects due to increase in the laser-induced continuum electron speed in this limit. Therefore, in this work, tunneling ionization in the adiabatic…

A clear consensus on how long it takes a particle to tunnel through a potential barrier has never been so urgently required, since the electron dynamics in strong-field ionization can be resolved on attosecond time-scale in experiment and…

One of the most fundamental difference between classical and quantum mechanics is observed in the particle tunneling through a localized potential: the former predicts a discontinuous transmission coefficient ($T$) as a function in incident…

Tunneling of a particle through a potential barrier remains one of the most remarkable quantum phenomena. Owing to advances in laser technology, electric fields comparable to those electrons experience in atoms are readily generated and…

Using a time operator, we define a tunneling time for a particle going through a barrier. This tunneling time is the average of the phase time introduced by other authors. In addition to the delay time caused by the resonances over the…

We investigate the tunneling of an electron with momentum p in the direction of V potential and under an angle {\theta} to the normal potential. Using the boundary conditions, the conditions of continuity and Snell's law, we obtain…