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The SLAC Microresonator Radio Frequency (SMuRF) electronics is being deployed as the readout for the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) telescopes of the Simons Observatory (SO). A Radio Frequency System-on-Chip (RFSoC) based readout of…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2024-06-21 Chao Liu , Zeeshan Ahmed , Shawn W. Henderson , Ryan Herbst , Larry Ruckman , Thomas Satterthwaite

We describe the newest generation of the SLAC Microresonator RF (SMuRF) electronics, a warm digital control and readout system for microwave-frequency resonator-based cryogenic detector and multiplexer systems such as microwave SQUID…

Large arrays of cryogenic sensors for various imaging applications ranging across x-ray, gamma-ray, Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), mm/sub-mm, as well as particle detection increasingly rely on superconducting microresonators for high…

The deployment of large cryogenic detector arrays, comprising hundreds to thousands of individual detectors, is highly beneficial for various cutting-edge applications, requiring large statistics, angular resolution or imaging capabilities.…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2025-09-10 M. Neidig , T. Muscheid , R. Gartmann , L. E. Ardila Perez , M. Wegner , O. Sander , S. Kempf

The search for primordial B-modes in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) requires highly sensitive and scalable detector systems. The magnetic microbolometer (MMB) is an emerging detector concept that exploits the magnetic properties of…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2025-09-30 N. Müller , J. Bonilla-Neira , J. Geria , M. García Redondo , L. Ferreyro , M. Hampel , M. Wegner , A. Almela , S. Kempf

CMB-S4 is the fourth-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background project, designed to probe the early universe and cosmic inflation. CMB-S4 would achieve its science goals in part by dramatically increasing the number of transition…

We present the details of a simulation suite for modeling the effects of readout with SLAC Microresonator RF (SMuRF) electronics. The SMuRF electronics are a warm readout and control system for use with superconducting microwave…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2022-08-04 Cyndia Yu , Zeeshan Ahmed , J. Mitch D'Ewart , Josef C. Frisch , Shawn W. Henderson , Max Silva-Feaver

The Microwave SQUID Multiplexer ({\mu}MUX) is the device of choice for the readout of a large number of Low-Temperature Detectors in a wide variety of experiments within the fields of astronomy and particle physics. While it offers large…

The microwave SQUID multiplexer (umux) has enabled higher bandwidth or higher channel counts across a wide range of experiments in particle physics, astronomy, and spectroscopy. The large multiplexing factor coupled with recent commercial…

Superconducting microcalorimeters, such as superconducting transition-edge sensors and magnetic microcalorimeters, have emerged as state-of-the-art detectors for X-ray emission spectroscopy by combining near-unity quantum efficiency with…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2026-04-29 Jodok Zeuner , Constantin Schuster , Sebastian Kempf

The CMB-S4 experiment is developing next-generation ground-based microwave telescopes to observe the Cosmic Microwave Background with unprecedented sensitivity. This will require an order of magnitude increase in the 100 mK detector count,…

Key performance characteristics are demonstrated for the microwave SQUID multiplexer ($\mu$MUX) coupled to transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers that have been optimized for cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations. In a 64-channel…

A technological milestone for experiments employing Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers operating at sub-kelvin temperature is the deployment of detector arrays with 100s--1000s of bolometers. One key technology for such arrays is…

The readout system with a high multiplexing ratio has become a bottleneck limiting the application of large-scale Transition Edge Sensor (TES) detector arrays. In recent years, the microwave superconducting quantum interference device…

We present a hybrid microwave SQUID multiplexer that combines two frequency-division multiplexing techniques to allow multiplexing a given number of cryogenic detectors with only a fraction of frequency encoding resonators. Similar to…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2022-05-04 Constantin Schuster , Mathias Wegner , Christian Enss , Sebastian Kempf

In this work, we report the experimental readout results of a {\mu}MUX device using a Direct-RF SDR prototype based on the ZCU216 Radio-Frequency System-on-Chip (RFSoC) evaluation board. First, the analog performance of the SDR system was…

We present the conceptual design of the modular detector and readout system for the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 (CMB-S4) ground-based survey experiment. CMB-S4 will map the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the millimeter-wave…

Metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) are widely used for various experiments in fields ranging from atomic and nuclear physics to x-ray spectroscopy, laboratory astrophysics or material science. Whereas in previous experiments single pixel…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2015-06-17 S. Kempf , M. Wegner , L. Gastaldo , A. Fleischmann , C. Enss
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