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During the Cosmic Dawn (CD), the HI 21-cm optical depth ($\tau$ ) in the intergalactic medium can become significantly large. Consequently, the second and higher-order terms of $\tau$ appearing in the Taylor expansion of the HI 21-cm…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2025-10-28 Iffat Nasreen , Kanan K. Datta , Abinash K. Shaw , Leon Noble , Raghunath Ghara , Sk. Saiyad Ali , Arnab Mishra , Mohd Kamran , Suman Majumdar

Heating of neutral gas by energetic sources is crucial for the prediction of the 21 cm signal during the epoch of reionization (EoR). To investigate differences induced on statistics of the 21 cm signal by various source types, we use five…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2021-05-26 Qing-Bo Ma , Benedetta Ciardi , Marius B. Eide , Philipp Busch , Yi Mao , Qi-Jun Zhi

Prior to the epoch of reionisation, the 21-cm signal of the cosmic dawn is dominated by the Lyman-$\alpha$ coupling and gas temperature fluctuations caused by the first sources of radiation. While early efforts to model this epoch relied on…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2021-05-05 Aurel Schneider , Sambit K. Giri , Jordan Mirocha

We present analysis of the normalised 21-cm bispectrum from fully-numerical simulations of intergalactic-medium heating by stellar sources and high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXB) during the cosmic dawn. Lyman-$\alpha$ coupling is assumed to be…

The redshifted 21-cm background is expected to be a powerful probe of the early Universe, carrying both cosmological and astrophysical information from a wide range of redshifts. In particular, the power spectrum of fluctuations in the…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-23 Anastasia Fialkov , Rennan Barkana , Aviad Cohen

The SKA will build upon early detections of the EoR by precursor instruments, such as MWA, PAPER, and LOFAR, and planned instruments, such as HERA, to make the first high signal-to-noise measurements of fluctuations in the 21 cm brightness…

We present simulations of the 21-cm signal during the epoch of reionization. We focus on properly modeling the absorption regime in the presence of inhomogeneous Wouthuysen-Field effect and X-ray heating. We ran radiative transfer…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-18 S. Baek , B. Semelin , P. Di Matteo , Y. Revaz , F. Combes

The 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen serves as a critical tool for unraveling the astrophysical processes that shaped cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionization. We explore the usually overlooked impact of re-scattering of 21-cm photons…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2026-03-03 Sudipta Sikder , Rennan Barkana , Anastasia Fialkov

[ABRIDGED] The cosmological 21cm signal is set to become the most powerful probe of the early Universe, with first generation interferometers aiming to make statistical detections of reionization. There is increasing interest also in the…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2014-04-08 Andrei Mesinger , Aaron Ewall-Wice , Jacqueline Hewitt

Concerted effort is currently ongoing to open up the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) ($z\sim$15-6) for studies with IR and radio telescopes. Whereas IR detections have been made of sources (Lyman-$\alpha$ emitters, quasars and drop-outs) in…

The Cosmic Dawn was marked by the formation of the first stars, and preceded the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), when the Universe underwent a fundamental transformation caused by the radiation from these first stars and galaxies.…

We incorporate a contribution to reionization from X-rays within analytic and semi-numerical simulations of the 21-cm signal arising from neutral hydrogen during the epoch of reionization. We explore the impact that X-ray ionizations have…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2015-05-13 Lila Warszawski , Paul M. Geil , Stuart Wyithe

Interferometry of the cosmic 21-cm signal is set to revolutionise our understanding of the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) and the Cosmic Dawn (CD). The culmination of ongoing efforts will be the upcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA), which…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2020-01-08 Bradley Greig , Andrei Mesinger , Léon V. E. Koopmans

We investigate the 21-cm signature that may arise from the intergalactic medium (IGM) prior to the epoch of full reionization (z>5). In scenarios in which the IGM is reionized by discrete sources of photoionizing radiation, the neutral gas…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-10-28 Piero Madau , Avery Meiksin , Martin J. Rees

Understanding properties of the first sources in the Universe using the redshifted \HI ~21-cm signal is one of the major aims of present and upcoming low-frequency experiments. We investigate the possibility of imaging the redshifted 21-cm…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2016-11-15 Raghunath Ghara , T. Roy Choudhury , Kanan K. Datta , Samir Choudhuri

Redshifted 21cm signal is a promising tool to investigate the state of intergalactic medium (IGM) in the Cosmic Dawn (CD) and Epoch of Reionization(EoR). In our previous work (Shimabukuro et al 2015), we studied the variance and skewness to…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2016-04-08 Hayato Shimabukuro , Shintaro Yoshiura , Keitaro Takahashi , Shuichiro Yokoyama , Kiyotomo Ichiki

Observations of anisotropies in the brightness temperature of the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen from the period before reionization would shed light on the dawn of the first stars and galaxies. In this paper, we use large-scale…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2011-02-16 M. G. Santos , M. B. Silva , J. R. Pritchard , R. Cen , A. Cooray

A recent observation by the EDGES collaboration shows a strong absorption signal in the global 21-cm spectrum from around a redshift of $z = 17$. This absorption is stronger than the maximum prediction by existing models and indicates that…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2018-12-11 Suman Chatterjee , Somnath Bharadwaj

The observed hemispherical power asymmetry in cosmic microwave background radiation can be explained by long wavelength mode (long-mode) modulation. In this work we study the prospect of the detection of this effect in the angular power…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2019-08-26 Shahram Khosravi , Amirabbas Ghazizadeh , Shant Baghram

The Lyman-$\alpha$ photons couple the spin temperature of neutral hydrogen (HI) to the kinetic temperature during the era of cosmic dawn. During this process, they also exchange energy with the medium, heating and cooling the HI. In…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2025-12-25 Janakee Raste , Shiv K. Sethi