相关论文: On the gauge dependence of Quantum Electrodynamics

We consider topological gauge theories in three dimensions which are defined by metric independent lagrangians. It has been claimed that the functional integration necessarily depends nontrivially on the gauge-fixing metric. We demonstrate…

The structure of classical electrodynamics based on the variational principle together with causality and space-time homogeneity is analyzed. It is proved that in this case the 4-potentials are defined uniquely. On the other hand, the…

The simulation of real-time dynamics in lattice gauge theories is particularly hard for classical computing due to the exponential scaling of the required resources. On the other hand, quantum algorithms can potentially perform the same…

The problem of gauge independent definition of effective gravitational field is considered from the point of view of the process of measurement. Under assumption that dynamics of the measuring apparatus can be described by the ordinary…

Using connection with quantum field theory, the infinitesimal covariant abelian gauge transformation laws of relativistic two-particle constraint theory wave functions and potentials are established and weak invariance of the corresponding…

We developed a gauge-covariant formulation of the non-equilibrium Green function method for the dynamical and/or non-uniform electromagnetic field by means of the deformational quantization method. Such a formulation is realized by…

This paper proves that it is possible to build a Lagrangian for quantum electrodynamics which makes it explicit that the photon mass is eventually set to zero in the physical part on observational ground. Gauge independence is achieved upon…

Before a quantum-mechanical calculation involving electromagnetic interactions is performed, a choice must be made of the gauge to be used in expressing the potentials. If the calculation is done exactly, the observable results it predicts…

Quantum electrodynamics exhibits an informal nonlinear dependence on Lorentz invariant test function properties that determine the renormalization scale, such as Mandelstam variables, contrary to the linear dependence on test functions that…

Dealing with a generic time-local non-Markovian master equation, we define current and power to be process-dependent as in classical thermodynamics. Each process is characterized by a symmetry transformation, a gauge of the master equation,…

We prove gauge-independence of one-loop path integral for on-shell quantum gravity obtained in a framework of modified geometric approach. We use projector on pure gauge directions constructed via quadratic form of the action. This enables…

The critical dynamics of superconductors in the charged regime is reconsidered within field-theory. For the dynamics the Ginzburg-Landau model with complex order parameter coupled to the gauge field suggested earlier [Lannert et al. Phys.…

Gauge-invariant Wigner theory describes the quantum-mechanical evolution of charged particles in the presence of an electromagnetic field in phase space, which is spanned by position and kinetic momentum. This approach is independent of the…

We examine a covariant quantization of electromagnetic fields by using an operator derived from a constant scalar that can be called extended Lorentz gauge. The quantization can avoid an inconsistency between Lorentz gauge and a commutation…

The proof of gauge invariance of the quantum electrodynamics of photons and electrons does not apply directly to the quantum electrodynamics of photons, electrons, and nuclei because multi-electron atoms belong to the space of asymptotic…

The frequency dependent transport is investigated for a two-dimensional disordered system under QHE conditions. The real and imaginary parts of the conductivity are calculated numerically in linear response using a recursive Green function…

Based on a canonically derived path integral formalism, we demonstrate that the perturbative calculation of the matrix element for gauge dependent operators has crucial difference from that for gauge invariant ones. For a gauge dependent…

An alternative representation of the kernel of the evolution operator in quantum electrodynamics is obtained in the form of a functional integral, in which the gauge momentum corresponding to the Gaussian constraint is excluded from the…

Gauge freedom in quantum electrodynamics (QED) outside of textbook regimes is reviewed. It is emphasized that QED subsystems are defined relative to a choice of gauge. Each definition uses different gauge-invariant observables. This…

The Covariant Canonical Gauge theory of Gravity is generalized by including at the Lagrangian level all possible quadratic curvature invariants. In this approach, the covariant Hamiltonian principle and the canonical transformation…