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Under modern test-time compute and agentic paradigms, language models process ever-longer sequences. Efficient text generation with transformer architectures is increasingly constrained by the Key-Value cache memory footprint and bandwidth.…

The serving paradigm of large language models (LLMs) is rapidly shifting towards complex multi-agent workflows where specialized agents collaborate over massive shared contexts. While Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables the efficient…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Shao Wang , Rui Ren , Lin Gui

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in generating text, images, and video content. However, as context length grows, the computational cost of attention increases quadratically with the number of tokens,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-23 Neusha Javidnia , Bita Darvish Rouhani , Farinaz Koushanfar

Key-value (KV) caching is critical for efficient inference in large language models (LLMs), yet its memory footprint scales linearly with context length, resulting in a severe scalability bottleneck. Existing approaches largely treat KV…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 Gradwell Dzikanyanga , Weihao Yang , Hao Huang , Donglei Wu , Shihao Wang , Wen Xia , Sanjeeb K C

Efficient KV cache management in LLMs is crucial for long-context tasks like RAG and summarization. Existing KV cache compression methods enforce a fixed pattern, neglecting task-specific characteristics and reducing the retention of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 Xiabin Zhou , Wenbin Wang , Minyan Zeng , Jiaxian Guo , Xuebo Liu , Li Shen , Min Zhang , Liang Ding

Memory-augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capability for complex and long-horizon embodied planning. By keeping track of past experiences and environmental states, memory enables LLMs to maintain a global…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Zebin Yang , Tong Xie , Baotong Lu , Shaoshan Liu , Bo Yu , Meng Li

Authenticated data storage on an untrusted platform is an important computing paradigm for cloud applications ranging from big-data outsourcing, to cryptocurrency and certificate transparency log. These modern applications increasingly…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-11-11 Yuzhe Tang , Ju Chen , Kai Li , Jianliang Xu , Qi Zhang

Many computational factors limit broader deployment of large language models. In this paper, we focus on a memory bottleneck imposed by the key-value (KV) cache, a computational shortcut that requires storing previous KV pairs during…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-13 Harry Dong , Xinyu Yang , Zhenyu Zhang , Zhangyang Wang , Yuejie Chi , Beidi Chen

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning in large language models (LLMs) significantly improves accuracy on complex tasks, yet incurs excessive memory overhead due to the long think-stage sequences stored in the Key-Value (KV) cache. Unlike…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Zihan Wang , Cheng Tang , Lei Gong , Cheng Li , Chao Wang , teng wang , Wenqi Lou , Xuehai Zhou

Cloud key-value (KV) stores provide businesses with a cost-effective and adaptive alternative to traditional on-premise data management solutions. KV stores frequently consist of heterogeneous clusters, characterized by varying hardware…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2024-07-30 Alireza Heidari , Amirhossein Ahmadi , Zefeng Zhi , Wei Zhang

The rapid expansion of context window sizes in Large Language Models~(LLMs) has enabled them to tackle increasingly complex tasks involving lengthy documents. However, this progress comes at the cost of a substantial increase in memory…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Da Ma , Lu Chen , Situo Zhang , Yuxun Miao , Su Zhu , Zhi Chen , Hongshen Xu , Hanqi Li , Shuai Fan , Lei Pan , Kai Yu

Modern data-intensive applications increasingly store and process big-value items, such as multimedia objects and machine learning embeddings, which exacerbate storage inefficiencies in Log-Structured Merge-Tree (LSM)-based key-value…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Ming Li , Wendi Cheng , Jiahe Wei , Xueqiang Shan , Weikai Liu , Xiaonan Zhao , Xiao Zhang

Global KV-cache sharing is an effective optimization for accelerating large language model (LLM) inference, yet it introduces an API-visible timing side channel that lets adversaries infer sensitive user inputs from shared entries, leading…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Kexin Chu , Zecheng Lin , Dawei Xiang , Zixu Shen , Jianchang Su , Cheng Chu , Yiwei Yang , Wenhui Zhang , Wenfei Wu , Wei Zhang

Recent advances in Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) techniques have significantly increased demand for serving quantized large language models (LLMs), enabling higher throughput and substantially reduced memory usage with minimal accuracy…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-09-16 Kyungmin Bin , Seungbeom Choi , Jimyoung Son , Jieun Choi , Daseul Bae , Daehyeon Baek , Kihyo Moon , Minsung Jang , Hyojung Lee

K-nearest neighbor search is one of the fundamental tasks in various applications and the hierarchical navigable small world (HNSW) has recently drawn attention in large-scale cloud services, as it easily scales up the database while…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2022-07-13 Ji-Hoon Kim , Yeo-Reum Park , Jaeyoung Do , Soo-Young Ji , Joo-Young Kim

Long-horizon LLM inference turns the key--value (KV) cache into the dominant GPU memory consumer and makes per-token attention increasingly expensive. Many common eviction policies use static recency windows or historical attention, leaving…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Yubo Li , Yidi Miao

Recently, sharing key-value (KV) cache across layers has been found effective in efficient inference of large language models (LLMs). To systematically investigate different techniques of cross-layer KV sharing, we propose a unified…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-06 You Wu , Haoyi Wu , Kewei Tu

The development of high-speed storage devices such as NVMe SSDs has shifted the primary I/O bottleneck from hardware to software. Modern database systems also rely on kernel-based I/O paths, where frequent system call invocations and…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Hongsu Byun , Seungjae Lee , Honghyeon Yoo , Myoungjoon Kim , Sungyong Park

LLMs are widely adopted in production, pushing inference systems to their limits. Disaggregated LLM serving (e.g., PD separation and KV state disaggregation) improves scalability and cost efficiency, but it also turns KV into an explicit…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Zedong Liu , Xinyang Ma , Dejun Luo , Hairui Zhao , Bing Lu , Wenjing Huang , Yida Gu , Xingchen Liu , Zheng Wei , Jinyang Liu , Dingwen Tao , Guangming Tan

Recently, significant progress has been made in developing reasoning-capable Large Language Models (LLMs) through long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) techniques. However, this long-CoT reasoning process imposes substantial memory overhead due to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Tengxuan Liu , Shiyao Li , Jiayi Yang , Tianchen Zhao , Feng Zhou , Xiaohui Song , Guohao Dai , Shengen Yan , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang