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Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) dominates reinforcement learning and LLM alignment but relies on a "hard clipping" mechanism that discards valuable gradients. Conversely, unconstrained methods like SPO expose the optimization to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-07 Yiheng Zhang , Yiming Wang , Kaiyan Zhao , Zhenglin Wan , Jiayu Chen , Leong Hou U

We present Anchored Direct Preference Optimization (ADPO), a policy alignment method derived from first principles of KL-regularized reinforcement learning. Unlike standard approaches that treat the reference policy merely as a regularizer,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Wang Zixian

Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) seeks to learn policies that balance multiple, often conflicting objectives. Although a single preference-conditioned policy is the most flexible and scalable solution, existing approaches…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Tanmay Ambadkar , Sourav Panda , Shreyash Kale , Jonathan Dodge , Abhinav Verma

Constrained Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to maximize the return while adhering to predefined constraint limits, which represent domain-specific safety requirements. In continuous control settings, where learning agents govern system…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-12 Somnath Hazra , Pallab Dasgupta , Soumyajit Dey

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is widely used in reinforcement learning due to its strong empirical performance, yet it lacks formal guarantees for policy improvement and convergence. PPO's clipped surrogate objective is motivated by a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Razvan-Andrei Lascu , David Šiška , Łukasz Szpruch

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is widely regarded as one of the most successful deep reinforcement learning algorithms, known for its robustness and effectiveness across a range of problems. The PPO objective encourages the importance…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Gilad Karpel , Ruida Zhou , Shoham Sabach , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh

Proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm is a deep reinforcement learning algorithm with outstanding performance, especially in continuous control tasks. But the performance of this method is still affected by its exploration ability.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-11-12 Junwei Zhang , Zhenghao Zhang , Shuai Han , Shuai Lü

Most methods in reinforcement learning use a Policy Gradient (PG) approach to learn a parametric stochastic policy that maps states to actions. The standard approach is to implement such a mapping via a neural network (NN) whose parameters…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-29 Sergio Rozada , Antonio G. Marques

We introduce a new on-policy algorithm called Rewarded Region Replay (R3), which significantly improves on PPO in solving environments with discrete action spaces. R3 improves sample efficiency by using a replay buffer which contains past…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-28 Bangzheng Li , Ningshan Ma , Zifan Wang

Novel advanced policy gradient (APG) methods, such as Trust Region policy optimization and Proximal policy optimization (PPO), have become the dominant reinforcement learning algorithms because of their ease of implementation and good…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2022-03-22 J. G. Dai , Mark Gluzman

PPO (Proximal Policy Optimization) is a state-of-the-art policy gradient algorithm that has been successfully applied to complex computer games such as Dota 2 and Honor of Kings. In these environments, an agent makes compound actions…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-27 Xiulei Song , Yizhao Jin , Greg Slabaugh , Simon Lucas

Most reinforcement learning methods rely heavily on dense, well-normalized environment rewards. DreamerV3 recently introduced a model-based method with a number of tricks that mitigate these limitations, achieving state-of-the-art on a wide…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-30 Ryan Sullivan , Akarsh Kumar , Shengyi Huang , John P. Dickerson , Joseph Suarez

In recent years, trust region on-policy reinforcement learning has achieved impressive results in addressing complex control tasks and gaming scenarios. However, contemporary state-of-the-art algorithms within this category primarily…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-31 Weiye Zhao , Feihan Li , Yifan Sun , Rui Chen , Tianhao Wei , Changliu Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) can acquire extensive world knowledge through pre-training on large corpora. However, due to exposure to low-quality data, LLMs may exhibit harmful behavior without aligning with human values. The dominant…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-11 Tianhao Wu , Banghua Zhu , Ruoyu Zhang , Zhaojin Wen , Kannan Ramchandran , Jiantao Jiao

Most reinforcement learning algorithms seek a single optimal strategy that solves a given task. However, it can often be valuable to learn a diverse set of solutions, for instance, to make an agent's interaction with users more engaging, or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-09 Wentse Chen , Shiyu Huang , Yuan Chiang , Tim Pearce , Wei-Wei Tu , Ting Chen , Jun Zhu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has re-emerged as a natural approach for training interactive LLM agents in real-world environments. However, directly applying the widely used Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) algorithm to multi-turn…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Junbo Li , Peng Zhou , Rui Meng , Meet P. Vadera , Lihong Li , Yang Li

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has been proposed as a promising alternative to Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) based Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF). However, empirical evaluations consistently reveal suboptimal…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-03 Qinwei Ma , Jingzhe Shi , Can Jin , Jenq-Neng Hwang , Serge Belongie , Lei Li

Traditional policy gradient methods are fundamentally flawed. Natural gradients converge quicker and better, forming the foundation of contemporary Reinforcement Learning such as Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO) and Proximal Policy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-07 W. J. A. van Heeswijk

Hybrid Group Relative Policy Optimization (Hybrid GRPO) is a reinforcement learning framework that extends Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) by incorporating empirical multi-sample action…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-05 Soham Sane

Most of reinforcement learning algorithms optimize the discounted criterion which is beneficial to accelerate the convergence and reduce the variance of estimates. Although the discounted criterion is appropriate for certain tasks such as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-02 Xiaoteng Ma , Xiaohang Tang , Li Xia , Jun Yang , Qianchuan Zhao