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Generating secure random numbers is a central problem in cryptography that needs a reliable source of enough computing entropy. Without enough entropy available - meaning no good source of secure random numbers - a device is susceptible to…
High quality random numbers are necessary in the modern world. Ranging from encryption keys in cyber security to models and simulations for scientific use: it's important that these random numbers are of high quality and quickly attainable.…
Quality randomness is fundamental to cryptographic operations but on embedded systems good sources are (seemingly) hard to find. Rather than use expensive custom hardware, our ERHARD-RNG Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) utilizes…
Measurements on entangled quantum systems necessarily yield outcomes that are intrinsically unpredictable if they violate a Bell inequality. This property can be used to generate certified randomness in a device-independent way, i.e.,…
Our ability to trust that a random number is truly random is essential for fields as diverse as cryptography and fundamental tests of quantum mechanics. Existing solutions both come with drawbacks -- device-independent quantum random number…
Randomness is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics, which is an invaluable resource for both classical and quantum technologies. Practical quantum random number generators (QRNG) usually need to trust their devices, but their security…
An operating system kernel uses cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator for creating address space localization randomization offsets to protect memory addresses to processes from exploration, storing users' password securely…
The security of any cryptographic scheme relies on access to random number generators. Device-independently certified random number generators provide maximum security as one can discard the presence of an intruder by considering only the…
Random numbers are an essential input to many functions on the Internet of Things (IoT). Common use cases of randomness range from low-level packet transmission to advanced algorithms of artificial intelligence as well as security and…
Randomness is an essential resource and plays important roles in various applications ranging from cryptography to simulation of complex systems. Certified randomness from quantum process is ensured to have the element of privacy but…
Random numbers are commonly used in many different fields, ranging from simulations in fundamental science to security applications. In some critical cases, as Bell's tests and cryptography, the random numbers are required to be both secure…
As a fundamental phenomenon in nature, randomness has a wide range of applications in the fields of science and engineering. Among different types of random number generators (RNG), quantum random number generator (QRNG) is a kind of…
The ultimate random number generators are those certified to be unpredictable -- including to an adversary. The use of simple quantum processes promises to provide numbers that no physical observer could predict but, in practice, unwanted…
Random number generation (RNG) is a crucial element in security protocols, and its performance and reliability are critical for the safety and integrity of digital systems. This is especially true in 5G networks with many devices with low…
Semi-quantum cryptography involves at least one user who is semi-quantum or "classical" in nature. Such a user can only interact with the quantum channel in a very restricted way. Many semi-quantum key distribution protocols have been…
Quantum random number generators can provide genuine randomness by appealing to the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. In general, a physical generator contains two parts---a randomness source and its readout. The source is…
Randomness is an invaluable resource in today's life with a broad use reaching from numerical simulations through randomized algorithms to cryptography. However, on the classical level no true randomness is available and even the use of…
Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) are able to generate numbers that are certifiably random, even to an agent who holds some side-information. Such systems typically require that the elements being used are precisely calibrated and…
Quantum random number generation (QRNG) is a resource that is a necessity in the field of cryptography. However, its certification has been challenging. In this article, we certify randomness with the aid of quantum entanglement in a device…
In recent years, numerous incidents involving the leakage of website accounts and text passwords (referred to as passwords) have raised significant concerns regarding the potential exposure of personal information. These events underscore…