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To characterize the initial conditions for intermediate- to high-mass star formation, we observed two Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) that remain absorption features up to 70mum wavelength, with the PdBI in the 3.23mm dust continuum as well as…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-13 Henrik Beuther , Thomas Henning

It is currently assumed that infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) represent the earliest evolutionary stages of high-mass stars ($>$ 8 M$_{\odot}$). Submillimeter and millimeter-wave studies performed over the past 15 years show that IRDCs possess…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-17 T. Vasyunina , A. I. Vasyunin , E. Herbst , H. Linz , M. Voronkov , T. Britton , I. Zinchenko , F. Schuller

We have studied 14 southern infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) using the data taken from the Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz (MALT90) survey and the GLIMPSE and MIPSGAL mid-infrared survey of the inner Galaxy. The physical and chemical…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-12 Xiao-Lan Liu , Jun-Jie Wang , Jin-Long Xu

Despite increasing research in massive star formation, little is known about its earliest stages. Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) are cold, dense and massive enough to harbour the sites of future high-mass star formation. But up to now, mainly…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-15 R. -A. Chira , H. Beuther , H. Linz , F. Schuller , C. M. Walmsley , K. M. Menten , L. Bronfman

Low-velocity large-scale shocks impacting on the ISM may efficiently shape molecular clouds and trigger star formation within them. These shocks, both driven by galactic bubbles and/or cloud-cloud collisions, leave specific signatures in…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2025-09-24 G. Cosentino , I. Jiménez-Serra , R. Liu , C. -Y. Law , J. C. Tan , J. D. Henshaw , A. T. Barnes , F. Fontani , P. Caselli , S. Viti

Much of the dense gas in molecular clouds has a filamentary structure but the detailed structure and evolution of this gas is poorly known. We have observed 54 cores in infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) using N$_2$H$^+$ (1-0) and (3-2) to…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-12-02 Matias Lackington , Gary A. Fuller , Jaime E. Pineda , Guido Garay , Nicolas Peretto , Alessio Traficante

High-mass stars have an enormous influence on the evolution of the interstellar medium in galaxies, so it is important that we understand how they form. We examine the central clumps within a sample of seven infrared-dark clouds (IRDCs)…

Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) are cold, dense regions that are usually found within Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs). Ongoing star formation within IRDCs is typically still deeply embedded within the surrounding molecular gas. Characterising…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2016-03-09 A. T. Barnes , S. Kong , J. C. Tan , J. D. Henshaw , P. Caselli , I. Jimenez-Serra , F. Fontani

[Abridged] The interstellar medium is observed to be organised in filamentary structures, as well as neutral (HI) and ionized (HII) bubbles. The expanding nature of these bubbles makes them shape their surroundings and possibly play a role…

We present a high spatial resolution Chandra X-ray study of two Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs), G034.43+00.24 and G035.39-00.33, which are expected to be in the early phases of star cluster formation. We detect 112 and 209 valid X-ray point…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2020-12-23 Hanbo Yu , Junfeng Wang , Jonathan C. Tan

To study the fragmentation and gravitational collapse of dense cores in infrared dark clouds (IRDCs), we have obtained submillimeter continuum and spectral line data as well as multiple inversion transitions of NH3 and H2O maser data of…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-03 Xing Lu , Qizhou Zhang , Ke Wang , Qiusheng Gu

Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) are very dense and highly extincted regions that host the initial conditions of star and stellar cluster formation. It is crucial to study the kinematics and molecular content of IRDCs to test their formation…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2020-10-21 G. Cosentino , I. Jiménez-Serra , J. D. Henshaw , P. Caselli , S. Viti , A. T. Barnes , J. C. Tan , F. Fontani , B. Wu

We imaged the infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) G1.75-0.08 and G11.36+0.80 at 350 $\mu$m and 450 $\mu$m using the ArT\'eMiS bolometer. These data were used in conjunction with our previous 870 $\mu$m observations with the Large APEX BOlometer…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2022-11-16 Oskari Miettinen , Michael Mattern , Philippe André

We study Giant Molecular Cloud (GMC) environments surrounding 10 Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs), using $^{13}$CO(1-0) emission from the Galactic Ring Survey. We measure physical properties of these IRDCs/GMCs on a range of scales extending to…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2015-09-09 Audra K. Hernandez , Jonathan C. Tan

Using wide-field $^{13}$CO ($J=1-0$) data taken with the Nobeyama 45-m telescope, we investigate cloud structures of the infrared dark cloud complex in M17 with SCIMES. In total, we identified 118 clouds that contain 11 large clouds with…

We present high-angular resolution sub-millimeter continuum images and molecular line spectra obtained with the SMA toward two massive cores that lie within Infrared Dark Clouds; one actively star-forming (G034.43+00.24 MM1) and the other…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 J. M. Rathborne , J. M. Jackson , Q. Zhang , R. Simon

We present results of a multi-line study of the filamentary infrared dark cloud G351.78-0.54 in the 1.3 and 0.8 mm wavelength bands. The lines of the three isotopologues of carbon monoxide CO, N$_2$H$^+$, CH$_3$CCH and HNCO were observed.…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2021-05-10 O. L. Ryabukhina , I. I. Zinchenko

Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs), condensed regions of the ISM with high column densities, low temperatures and high masses, are suspected sites of star formation. Thousands of IRDCs have already been identified. To date, it has not been…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2008-11-18 Matthijs H. D. van der Wiel , Russell F. Shipman

We present results of a high resolution study of the filamentary infrared dark cloud G192.76+00.10 in the S254-S258 OB complex in several molecular species tracing different physical conditions. These include three isotopologues of carbon…

We study the probability distribution function (PDF) of mass surface densities, $\Sigma$, of infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G028.37+00.07 and its surrounding giant molecular cloud. This PDF constrains the physical processes, such as turbulence,…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2016-09-23 Wanggi Lim , Jonathan C. Tan , Jouni Kainulainen , Bo Ma , Michael J. Butler