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Biometrics involves using unique human traits, both physical and behavioral, for the digital identification of individuals to provide access to systems, devices, or information. Within the field of computer science, it acts as a method for…

In this paper, we use the ten security requirements proposed by Liao et al. for a smart card based authentication protocol to examine five recent work in this area. After analyses, we found that the protocols of Juang et al.'s , Hsiang et…

Authentication plays a significant part in dealing with security in public and private sectors such as healthcare systems, banking system, transportation system and law and security. Biometric technology has grown quickly recently,…

In 2004, Das, Saxena and Gulati proposed a dynamic ID-based remote user authentication scheme which has many advantage such as no verifier table, user freedom to choose and change password and so on. However the subsequent papers have shown…

With the rapid advancement in technology, smart homes have become applicable and so the need arise to solve the security challenges that are accompanied with its operation. Passwords and identity cards have been used as traditional…

Generative AI (Gen-AI) deepfakes pose a rapidly evolving threat to biometric authentication, yet a significant gap exists between expert understanding of these risks and public perception. This disconnection creates critical vulnerabilities…

We propose a two-factor authentication (2FA) mechanism called 2D-2FA to address security and usability issues in existing methods. 2D-2FA has three distinguishing features: First, after a user enters a username and password on a login…

Health records data security is one of the main challenges in e-health systems. Authentication is one of the essential security services to support the stored data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. This research focuses on the…

With the rapid advancement of wireless network technology, usage of WSN in real time applications like military, forest monitoring etc. found increasing. Generally WSN operate in an unattended environment and handles critical data.…

The majority of current web authentication is built on username/password. Unfortunately, password replacement offers more security, but it is difficult to use and expensive to deploy. In this paper, we propose a new mutual authentication…

This paper analyses the various authentication systems implemented for enhanced security and private re-position of an individual's log-in credentials. The first part of the paper describes the multi-factor authentication (MFA) systems,…

Internet banking (IB) continues to face security concerns arising from illegal access to users accounts. Use of personal identification numbers (PIN) as a single authentication method for IB users is prone to insecurities such as phishing,…

Biometrical authentication systems are often presented as the best and simplest way to reach higher security levels. But a deeper analysis shows that several risks are hidden and the service provider adopting those system has to carefully…

In contemporary mobile user authentication systems, verifying user legitimacy has become paramount due to the widespread use of smartphones. Although fingerprint and facial recognition are widely used for mobile authentication, PIN-based…

Traditional single-factor authentication possesses several critical security vulnerabilities due to single-point failure feature. Multi-factor authentication (MFA), intends to enhance security by providing additional verification steps.…

Smart grid is a self-sufficient system. That tracks how the energy is used from its source to its final destination. The smart grid can increase the service quality while reducing the consumption of electricity. However, the safety and…

Nowadays, user authentication is one of the important topics in information security. Strong textbased password schemes could provide with certain degree of security. However, the fact that strong passwords are difficult to memorize often…

To prevent password breaches and guessing attacks, banks increasingly turn to two-factor authentication (2FA), requiring users to present at least one more factor, such as a one-time password generated by a hardware token or received via…

We present a quantum multi-factor authentication mechanism based on the hidden-matching quantum communication complexity problem. It offers step-up graded authentication for users via a quantum token. In this paper, we outline the protocol,…

The smart card based authentication schemes are designed and developed to ensure secure and authorized communication between remote user and the server. In recent times, many smart card based authentication schemes for the telecare medical…