相关论文: Determination of Angle of Light Deflection in High…

Among the so-called classical tests of general relativity (GR), light bending has been confirmed with an accuracy that increases as times goes by. Here we study the gravitational deflection of photons within the framework of classical and…

In this paper, we present a new heuristic derivation of the gravitational deflection of light around the Sun at the undergraduate level. Instead of solving the geodesic equation directly, we compute the correct deflection angle by focusing…

Explicit expressions for the bending angle of light deflection arising from phenomenologically deformed black-hole metrics, subject to possible weak and strong quantum gravity effects, respectively, are obtained, by a highly effective…

The new method of invariant definition of the measurable angle of light deflection in the static central symmetric gravitational field is suggested. The predicted pure gravitational contribution to the deflection angle slightly differs from…

Light bending is one of the significant predictions of general relativity (GR) and it has been confirmed with great accuracy during the last one hundred years. In this paper, we semiclassically calculate the deflection angle for the photons…

Before we discuss the deflection of light in a gravitational field, we give a brief overview of some basic physical formulas on photon properties, generation and propagation. The much debated problems of the redshift and the photon…

The fact that the gravitation could deflect the light trajectory has been confirmed by a large number of observation data, that is consistent with the result calculated by Einstein's gravity. F(R)-gravity is the modification of Einstein's…

The angle of deflection of a light ray by the gravitational field of the Sun, at grazing incidence, is calculated by strict and straightforward classical Newtonian means using the corpuscular model of light. The calculation is presented in…

We calculate the deflection angle, as well as the positions and magnifications of the lensed images, in the case of covariant $f(T)$ gravity. We first extract the spherically symmetric solutions for both the pure-tetrad and the covariant…

Understanding the deflection of light by a massive deflector, as well as the associated gravitational lens phenomena, require the use of the theory of General Relativity. I consider here a classical approach, based on Newton's equation of…

We extend to higher order a recently published method for calculating the deflection angle of light in a general static and spherically symmetric metric. Since the method is convergent we obtain very accurate analytical expressions that we…

Using the geodesic method and the perturbative approach, we study the deflection of light by time-periodic spherically symmetric gravitational fields. Assuming the weakness of the gravitational field, we derive general formulas that…

Light does not travel in a perfectly straight line when it passes near massive objects. In this work, we calculate the gravitational deflection of light using the gauge theory of unified gravity [Rep. Prog. Phys. 88, 057802 (2025)],…

The gravitational deflection of light is a critical test of modified theories of gravity. A few years ago, Gibbons and Werner introduced a definition of the deflection angle based on the Gauss-Bonnet theorem. In more recent years, Arakida…

The deflection of a ray of light passing close to a gravitational mass, is generally calculated from the null geodesic which the light ray (photon) follows. However, there is an alternate approach, where the effect of gravitation on the ray…

In this paper we study the light bending caused by a slowly rotating source in the context of quadratic theories of gravity, in which the Einstein--Hilbert action is extended by additional terms quadratic in the curvature tensors. The…

We calculate the deflection angle of light from a distant source by a galaxy cluster in Weyl's conformal gravity. The general method of calculation is first applied to calculate the deflection angle in Schwarzschild-de Sitter (Kottler)…

A novel approach to the calculation of the deflection of highly relativistic test particles in gravitational fields is described. We make use of the light-like boosts of the gravitational fields of the sources. Examples are given of the…

We present a framework that reformulates gravitational lensing as an optical phenomenon governed by an effective refractive index, enabling exploration of modified gravity theories using undergraduate-level mathematics and optics. After…

Deflection of light due to massive objects was predicted by Einstein in his General Theory of Relativity. This deflection of light has been calculated by many researchers in past, for spherically symmetric objects. But, in reality, most of…