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Recently Stanchev et al. (2015) proposed a technique to derive density scaling relations in a star-forming region from analysis of the probability distribution function of column density. We address the possible dependence of the outcome on…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-06-30 O. I. Stanchev , T. V. Veltchev , S. Donkov

We show that the inter-cloud Larson scaling relation between mean volume density and size $\rho\propto R^{-1}$, which in turn implies that mass $M\propto R^2$, or that the column density $N$ is constant, is an artifact of the observational…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-11 Ballesteros-Paredes , J. , D'Alessio , P. , Hartmann , L. W.

This paper gives a new way to diagnose the star-forming potential of a molecular cloud region from the probability density function of its column density (N-pdf). It gives expressions for the column density and mass profiles of a symmetric…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-06 Philip C. Myers

The column density probability distribution function (N-PDF) of GMCs has been used as a diagnostic of star formation. Simulations and analytic predictions have suggested the N-PDF is composed of a low density lognormal component and a high…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2018-09-27 Hope Chen , Blakesley Burkhart , Alyssa A. Goodman , David C. Collins

We have obtained column density maps for an unbiased sample of 120 molecular clouds in the third quadrant of the Milky Way mid-plane (b$\le |5|^{\circ}$) within the galactic longitude range from 195$^{\circ}$ to 225$^{\circ}$, using the…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2022-08-31 Yuehui Ma , Hongchi Wang , Miaomiao Zhang , Chen Wang , Shaobo Zhang , Yao Liu , Chong Li , Yuqing Zheng , Lixia Yuan , Ji Yang

We present N-PDFs of 29 Galactic regions obtained from Herschel imaging at high angular resolution, covering diffuse and quiescent clouds, and those showing low-, intermediate-, and high-mass star formation (SF), and characterize the cloud…

Both observational and theoretical research over the past decade has demonstrated that the probability distribution function (PDF) of the gas density in turbulent molecular clouds is a key ingredient for understanding star formation. It has…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2018-11-28 Bastian Körtgen , Christoph Federrath , Robi Banerjee

We present the first study of the relationship between the column density distribution of molecular clouds within nearby Galactic spiral arms and their evolutionary status as measured from their stellar content. We analyze a sample of 195…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2015-09-09 J. Abreu-Vicente , J. Kainulainen , A. Stutz , T. Henning , H. Beuther

The density distribution within molecular clouds offers critical insights into their underlying physical processes, which are essential for understanding star formation. As a statistical measure of column density on the cloud scale, the…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2026-01-12 Yuchen Xing , Keping Qiu

Describing how the properties of the interstellar medium combine across size-scales is crucial for understanding star formation scaling laws and connecting Galactic and extragalactic data of molecular clouds. We describe how the statistical…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2021-09-15 Andri Spilker , Jouni Kainulainen , Jan Orkisz

Column density (N) PDFs serve as a powerful tool to characterize the physical processes that influence the structure of molecular clouds. Star-forming clouds can best be characterized by lognormal PDFs for the lower N range and a power-law…

Column-density maps of molecular clouds are one of the most important observables in the context of molecular cloud- and star-formation (SF) studies. With the Herschel satellite it is now possible to determine the column density from dust…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2015-03-04 N. Schneider , V. Ossenkopf , T. Csengeri , R. Klessen , C. Federrath , P. Tremblin , P. Girichidis , S. Bontemps , Ph. Andre

We investigate star forming scaling relations using Bayesian inference on a comprehensive data sample of low- (z<0.1) and high-redshift (1<z<5) star forming regions. This full data set spans a wide range of host galaxy stellar mass ($M_{*}…

We use a suite of 3D simulations of star-forming molecular clouds, with and without stellar feedback and magnetic fields, to investigate the effectiveness of different fitting methods for volume and column density probability distribution…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2023-05-22 Avery Kiihne , Sabrina M. Appel , Blakesley Burkhart , Vadim A. Semenov , Christoph Federrath

We compare the structure of star-forming molecular clouds in different regions of Orion A to determine how the column density probability distribution function (N-PDF) varies with environmental conditions such as the fraction of young…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-27 A. M. Stutz , J. Kainulainen

We studied the H$_2$ column density probability distribution function (N-PDF) based on molecular emission lines using the Nobeyama 45-m Cygnus X CO survey data. Using the DENDROGRAM and SCIMES algorithms, we identified 124 molecular clouds…

We investigate physical properties of molecular clouds in disc galaxies with different morphology: a galaxy without prominent structure, a spiral barred galaxy and a galaxy with flocculent structure. Our $N$-body/hydrodynamical simulations…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2016-03-02 S. A. Khoperskov , E. O. Vasiliev , D. A. Ladeyschikov , A. M. Sobolev , A. V. Khoperskov

It has been recently shown that molecular clouds do not exhibit a unique shape for the column density probability distribution function (Npdf). Instead, clouds without star formation seem to possess a lognormal distribution, while clouds…

We present the results of a numerical study designed to address the question of whether there is a column density threshold for star formation within molecular clouds. We have simulated a large number of different clouds, with volume and…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-16 Paul C. Clark , Simon C. O. Glover

The relations between star formation and properties of molecular clouds are studied based on a sample of star forming regions in the Galactic Plane. Sources were selected by having radio recombination lines to provide identification of…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-03-08 Nalin Vutisalchavakul , Neal J. Evans , Mark Heyer
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