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Principal component analysis (PCA) is arguably the most widely used approach for large-dimensional factor analysis. While it is effective when the factors are sufficiently strong, it can be inconsistent when the factors are weak and/or the…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-08-22 Zhongyuan Lyu , Ming Yuan

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classical method for dimensionality reduction based on extracting the dominant eigenvectors of the sample covariance matrix. However, PCA is well known to behave poorly in the ``large $p$, small $n$''…

统计理论 · 数学 2009-08-26 Arash A. Amini , Martin J. Wainwright

Principal component analysis (PCA) has been widely applied to dimensionality reduction and data pre-processing for different applications in engineering, biology and social science. Classical PCA and its variants seek for linear projections…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2017-07-11 Xiaojun Chang , Feiping Nie , Yi Yang , Heng Huang

Efficient representations of data are essential for processing, exploration, and human understanding, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most common dimensionality reduction techniques used for the analysis of large,…

统计计算 · 统计学 2023-11-06 Olga Dorabiala , Aleksandr Aravkin , J. Nathan Kutz

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a well-known linear dimension-reduction method that has been widely used in data analysis and modeling. It is an unsupervised learning technique that identifies a suitable linear subspace for the input…

机器学习 · 统计学 2021-09-10 Shaojie Xu , Joel Vaughan , Jie Chen , Agus Sudjianto , Vijayan Nair

Methodologies for multidimensionality reduction aim at discovering low-dimensional manifolds where data ranges. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is very effective if data have linear structure. But fails in identifying a possible…

数值分析 · 数学 2021-01-14 Alberto García-González , Antonio Huerta , Sergio Zlotnik , Pedro Díez

Principal component analysis (PCA) is often used for analyzing data in the most diverse areas. In this work, we report an integrated approach to several theoretical and practical aspects of PCA. We start by providing, in an intuitive and…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2021-06-09 Felipe L. Gewers , Gustavo R. Ferreira , Henrique F. de Arruda , Filipi N. Silva , Cesar H. Comin , Diego R. Amancio , Luciano da F. Costa

Big data is transforming our world, revolutionizing operations and analytics everywhere, from financial engineering to biomedical sciences. The complexity of big data often makes dimension reduction techniques necessary before conducting…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2018-01-08 Jianqing Fan , Qiang Sun , Wen-Xin Zhou , Ziwei Zhu

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a fundamental data preprocessing tool in the world of machine learning. While PCA is often thought of as a dimensionality reduction method, the purpose of PCA is actually two-fold: dimension reduction…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-25 Arpita Gang , Waheed U. Bajwa

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (sPCA) is a cardinal technique for obtaining combinations of features, or principal components (PCs), that explain the variance of high-dimensional datasets in an interpretable manner. This involves…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-12-02 Ryan Cory-Wright , Jean Pauphilet

The heteroscedastic probabilistic principal component analysis (PCA) technique, a variant of the classic PCA that considers data heterogeneity, is receiving more and more attention in the data science and signal processing communities. In…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2023-12-07 Jinxin Wang , Chonghe Jiang , Huikang Liu , Anthony Man-Cho So

This paper studies how to construct confidence regions for principal component analysis (PCA) in high dimension, a problem that has been vastly under-explored. While computing measures of uncertainty for nonlinear/nonconvex estimators is in…

统计理论 · 数学 2025-03-18 Yuling Yan , Yuxin Chen , Jianqing Fan

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most used tools for extracting low-dimensional representations of data, in particular for time series. Performances are known to strongly depend on the quality (amount of noise) and the…

应用统计 · 统计学 2024-12-16 Mariia Legenkaia , Laurent Bourdieu , Rémi Monasson

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has wide applications in machine learning, text mining and computer vision. Classical PCA based on a Gaussian noise model is fragile to noise of large magnitude. Laplace noise assumption based PCA methods…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2014-12-22 Pengtao Xie , Eric Xing

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classical dimension reduction method which projects data onto the principal subspace spanned by the leading eigenvectors of the covariance matrix. However, it behaves poorly when the number of…

统计理论 · 数学 2013-05-27 Zongming Ma

Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction, with documented merits in diverse tasks involving high-dimensional data. Standard PCA copes with one dataset at a time, but it is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-01-30 Jia Chen , Gang Wang , Georgios B. Giannakis

As an unsupervised dimensionality reduction method, principal component analysis (PCA) has been widely considered as an efficient and effective preprocessing step for hyperspectral image (HSI) processing and analysis tasks. It takes each…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2018-09-18 Junjun Jiang , Jiayi Ma , Chen Chen , Zhongyuan Wang , Zhihua Cai , Lizhe Wang

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely employed statistical tool used primarily for dimensionality reduction. However, it is known to be adversely affected by the presence of outlying observations in the sample, which is quite…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2023-09-26 Subhrajyoty Roy , Ayanendranath Basu , Abhik Ghosh

We consider estimation of large approximate factor models in high-dimensional panels of stationary time series using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We review the key results establishing the necessary and sufficient conditions for…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2026-02-13 Matteo Barigozzi

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most commonly used statistical methods for data exploration, and for dimensionality reduction wherein the first few principal components account for an appreciable proportion of the…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-01-11 Caren Marzban , Ulvi Yurtsever , Michael Richman