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Welcome to the eighth edition of the AI Index report. The 2025 Index is our most comprehensive to date and arrives at an important moment, as AI's influence across society, the economy, and global governance continues to intensify. New in…

This paper proposes that Artificial Intelligence (AI) progresses through several overlapping generations: AI 1.0 (Information AI), AI 2.0 (Agentic AI), AI 3.0 (Physical AI), and now a speculative AI 4.0 (Conscious AI). Each of these AI…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Jiahao Wu , Hengxu You , Jing Du

Invention of artificial general intelligence is predicted to cause a shift in the trajectory of human civilization. In order to reap the benefits and avoid pitfalls of such powerful technology it is important to be able to control it.…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2020-08-11 Roman V. Yampolskiy

This study reports on the current state-of-affairs in the funding of entrepreneurship and innovations in China and provides a broad survey of academic findings on the subject. We also discuss the implications of these findings for public…

综合经济学 · 经济学 2021-08-26 Lin William Cong , Charles M. C. Lee , Yuanyu Qu , Tao Shen

This paper offers a domain-mediated comparative review of 251 studies on public attitudes toward AI, published between 2011 and 2025. Drawing on a systematic literature review, we analyse how different factors including perceived benefits…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Filip Bialy , Mark Elliot , Robert Meckin

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have made tremendous advancements in the past decades. From simple recommendation systems to more complex tumor identification systems, AI/ML systems have been utilized in a plethora of…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-02-07 Atul Rawal , Katie Johnson , Curtis Mitchell , Michael Walton , Diamond Nwankwo

Affective Computing (AC) has enabled Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems to recognise, interpret, and respond to human emotions - a capability also known as Artificial Emotional Intelligence (AEI). It is increasingly seen as an important…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-08-19 Yupei Li , Qiyang Sun , Michelle Schlicher , Yee Wen Lim , Björn W. Schuller

This study examines the relationship between human-AI technology integration transformation and green Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance in Chinese retail enterprises, with green technology innovation serving as a…

综合经济学 · 经济学 2025-07-08 Jun Cui

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the intelligence demonstrated by machines, and within the realm of AI, Machine Learning (ML) stands as a notable subset. ML employs algorithms that undergo training on data sets, enabling them to carry…

Artificial intelligence governance exhibits a striking paradox: while major jurisdictions converge rhetorically around concepts such as safety, risk, and accountability, their regulatory frameworks remain fundamentally divergent and…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Ruiyi Guo , Bodong Zhang

This work examines how AI, especially agentic systems, is being adopted in engineering and manufacturing workflows, what value it provides today, and what is needed for broader deployment. This is an exploratory and qualitative…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Kristen M. Edwards , Maxwell Bauer , Claire Jacquillat , A. John Hart , Faez Ahmed

Since its emergence around 2010, deep learning has rapidly become the most important technique in Artificial Intelligence (AI), producing an array of scientific firsts in areas as diverse as protein folding, drug discovery, integrated chip…

综合经济学 · 经济学 2023-01-03 Tamay Besiroglu , Nicholas Emery-Xu , Neil Thompson

Artificial intelligence is more ubiquitous in multiple domains. Smartphones, social media platforms, search engines, and autonomous vehicles are just a few examples of applications that utilize artificial intelligence technologies to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Teemu Niskanen , Tuomo Sipola , Olli Väänänen

Mathematics is one of the most powerful conceptual systems developed and used by the human species. Dreams of automated mathematicians have a storied history in artificial intelligence (AI). Rapid progress in AI, particularly propelled by…

神经元与认知 · 定量生物学 2023-10-23 Cedegao E. Zhang , Katherine M. Collins , Adrian Weller , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

The AI chips increasingly focus on implementing neural computing at low power and cost. The intelligent sensing, automation, and edge computing applications have been the market drivers for AI chips. Increasingly, the generalisation,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-03-31 Alex James

Artificial intelligence is already being applied in and impacting many important sectors in society, including healthcare, finance, and policing. These applications will increase as AI capabilities continue to progress, which has the…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2022-06-23 Jess Whittlestone , Sam Clarke

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in public administration is expanding rapidly, moving from automating routine tasks to deploying generative and agentic systems that autonomously act on goals. While AI promises greater efficiency and…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-05-05 Alexander Wuttke , Adrian Rauchfleisch , Andreas Jungherr

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing emergency medicine by enhancing diagnostic processes and improving patient outcomes. This article provides a review of the current applications of AI in emergency imaging studies, focusing on…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-03-20 Gustavo Correia , Victor Alves , Paulo Novais

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an extensive scientific discipline which enables computer systems to solve problems by emulating complex biological processes such as learning, reasoning and self-correction. This paper presents a…

Artificial intelligence is transforming mathematics at a speed and scale that demand active engagement from the mathematical community. We examine five areas where this transformation is particularly pressing: values, practice, teaching,…

历史与综述 · 数学 2026-05-11 Johan Commelin , Mateja Jamnik , Rodrigo Ochigame , Lenny Taelman , Akshay Venkatesh
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