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Many of the current state-of-the-art Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition Systems (LVCSR) are hybrids of neural networks and Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Most of these systems contain separate components that deal with the…

End-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems directly map acoustics to words using a unified model. Previous works mostly focus on E2E training a single model which integrates acoustic and language model into a whole.…

Even though deep neural networks have shown tremendous success in countless applications, explaining model behaviour or predictions is an open research problem. In this paper, we address this issue by employing a simple yet effective method…

Gradient descent is a simple and widely used optimization method for machine learning. For homogeneous linear classifiers applied to separable data, gradient descent has been shown to converge to the maximal margin (or equivalently, the…

Training and fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) come with challenges related to memory and computational requirements due to the increasing size of the model weights and the optimizer states. Various techniques have been developed to…

We propose a segmental neural language model that combines the generalization power of neural networks with the ability to discover word-like units that are latent in unsegmented character sequences. In contrast to previous segmentation…

Explainability of neural network prediction is essential to understand feature importance and gain interpretable insight into neural network performance. However, explanations of neural network outcomes are mostly limited to visualization,…

Recent years have seen a sharp increase in the number of related yet distinct advances in semantic segmentation. Here, we tackle this problem by leveraging the respective strengths of these advances. That is, we formulate a conditional…

Ensembles of Convolutional neural networks have shown remarkable results in learning discriminative semantic features for image classification tasks. Though, the models in the ensemble often concentrate on similar regions in images. This…

In some applications, edge learning is experiencing a shift in focusing from conventional learning from scratch to new two-stage learning unifying pre-training and task-specific fine-tuning. This paper considers the problem of joint…

Most language models (LMs) are trained and applied in an autoregressive left-to-right fashion, assuming that the next token only depends on the preceding ones. However, this assumption ignores the potential benefits of using the full…

Conventional methods for speech enhancement rely on handcrafted loss functions (e.g., time or frequency domain losses) or deep feature losses (e.g., using WavLM or wav2vec), which often fail to capture subtle signal properties essential for…

The field of speech recognition is in the midst of a paradigm shift: end-to-end neural networks are challenging the dominance of hidden Markov models as a core technology. Using an attention mechanism in a recurrent encoder-decoder…

Segmenting a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is an important pre-processing step for analytic procedures and subsequent inferences about longitudinal tissue changes. Manual segmentation defines the current gold standard in…

Neural networks have been shown to perform incredibly well in classification tasks over structured high-dimensional datasets. However, the learning dynamics of such networks is still poorly understood. In this paper we study in detail the…

The SOTA in transcription of disfluent and conversational speech has in recent years favored two-stage models, with separate transcription and cleaning stages. We believe that previous attempts at end-to-end disfluency removal have fallen…

It is important to extract good features using an encoder to realize semantic segmentation with high accuracy. Although loss function is optimized in training deep neural network, far layers from the layers for computing loss function are…

Speech separation remains an important area of multi-speaker signal processing. Deep neural network (DNN) models have attained the best performance on many speech separation benchmarks. Some of these models can take significant time to…

Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) are a powerful class of generative models, but their training requires computing a gradient that, unlike supervised backpropagation on typical loss functions, is notoriously difficult even to…

We develop efficient algorithms to train $\ell_1$-regularized linear classifiers with large dimensionality $d$ of the feature space, number of classes $k$, and sample size $n$. Our focus is on a special class of losses that includes, in…