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Since the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in 2015, numerous universities, NGOs and other organizations have attempted to develop tools for monitoring worldwide progress in achieving them. Led by advancements…
Motivated by the goals of dataset pruning and defect identification, a growing body of methods have been developed to score individual examples within a dataset. These methods, which we call "example difficulty scores", are typically used…
Poverty mapping that displays spatial distribution of various poverty indices is most useful to policymakers and researchers when they are disaggregated into small geographic units, such as cities, municipalities or other administrative…
The progression from novice to disciplinary expert is a longstanding area of inquiry in educational research. Studies investigating such progressions have often resorted to participants' self-assessments or other qualitative indicators as a…
Assume two different communities each of which maintain their respective opinions mainly because of the weak interaction between the two communities. In such a case, it is an interesting problem to find the necessary strength of…
This dissertation is based on a project co-founded by the Health Market Quality Program (now Rozetta Institute) and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. The overall objective of this work is to provide a framework and a tool for…
Causal inference methods are widely applied in various decision-making domains such as precision medicine, optimal policy and economics. Central to causal inference is the treatment effect estimation of intervention strategies, such as…
Redistricting is the process by which electoral district boundaries are drawn, and a common normative assumption in this process is that districts should be drawn so as to capture coherent communities of interest (COIs). While states rely…
We present a circularity transition index based on open data principles and circularity of energy, material, and information. The aim of the Circular City Index is to provide data and a succinct measurement of the attributes related to…
Measuring collaborative problem solving (CPS) synergy remains challenging in learning analytics, as classical manual coding cannot capture emergent system-level dynamics. This study introduces a computational framework that integrates…
As governments race to implement new climate adaptation policies that prepare for more frequent flooding, they must seek policies that are effective for all communities and uphold climate justice. This requires evaluating policies not only…
Disasters are constant threats to humankind, and beyond losses in lives, they cause many implicit yet profound societal issues such as wealth disparity and digital divide. Among those recovery measures in the aftermath of disasters,…
Monitoring tools for anticipatory action are increasingly gaining traction to improve the efficiency and timeliness of humanitarian responses. Whilst predictive models can now forecast conflicts with high accuracy, translating these…
Benchmarks are standards that allow to identify opportunities for improvement among comparable units. This study suggests a 2-step methodology for calculating probabilistic benchmarks in noisy data sets: (i) double-hyperbolic undersampling…
Imitation learning (IL) has seen remarkable progress, yet field deployment of IL-powered robots remains hindered by the challenge of out-of-distribution (OOD) scenarios. Fine-tuning pre-trained policies with end-user demonstrations…
Addressing climate change effectively requires more than cataloguing the number of policies in place; it calls for tools that can reveal their thematic priorities and their tangible impacts on development outcomes. Existing assessments…
Fairness constitutes a concern within machine learning (ML) applications. Currently, there is no study on how disparities in classification complexity between privileged and unprivileged groups could influence the fairness of solutions,…
Modularity-based algorithms used for community detection have been increasing in recent years. Modularity and its application have been generating controversy since some authors argue it is not a metric without disadvantages. It has been…
A key objective of decomposition analysis is to identify a factor (the 'mediator') contributing to disparities in an outcome between social groups. In decomposition analysis, a scholarly interest often centers on estimating how much the…
Cycling is reported by an average of 35\% of adults at least once per week across 28 countries, and as vulnerable road users directly exposed to their surroundings, cyclists experience the street at an intensity unmatched by other modes.…