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We develop a quasi-normal mode theory (QNMT) to calculate a system's scattering $S$ matrix, simultaneously satisfying both energy conservation and reciprocity even for a small truncated set of resonances. It is a practical reduced-order…

Based on quasinormal-mode theory, we propose a novel approach enabling a deep analytical insight into the multi-parameter design and optimization of nonlinear photonic structures at subwavelength scale. A key distinction of our method from…

We present a numerical method for calculating quasi-normal modes of open nanophotonic structures. The method is based on scattering matrices and a unity eigenvalue of the roundtrip matrix of an internal cavity, and we develop it in detail…

Coupled mode theory (CMT) is a powerful framework for decomposing interactions between electromagnetic waves and scattering bodies into resonances and their couplings with power-carrying channels. It has widespread use in few-resonance,…

光学 · 物理学 2020-10-22 Hanwen Zhang , Owen D. Miller

The idea of the modal expansion in electromagnetics is derived from the research on electromagnetic resonators, which play an essential role in developments in nanophotonics. All of the electromagnetic resonators share a common property:…

光学 · 物理学 2020-10-28 Minh Duy Truong

The interaction of light with photonic resonators is determined by the eigenmodes of the system. Modal theories based on quasinormal modes provide a natural tool to calculate and understand light scattering by nanoresonators. We show that,…

光学 · 物理学 2025-11-06 Christophe Sauvan

Resonances in the form of quasi-normal modes (QNMs) for open scattering systems can be generally identified in the far field through peaks of scattering spectra (\textit{e.g.} cross sections of scattering, extinction and absorption).…

光学 · 物理学 2025-03-14 Jingwei Wang , Yuntian Chen , Wei Liu

We present a bi-orthogonal approach for modeling the response of localized electromagnetic resonators using quasinormal modes, which represent the natural, dissipative eigenmodes of the system with complex frequencies. For many problems of…

Neural networks have been demonstrated to be able to accelerate the modeling and inverse design of optical and electromagnetic devices by serving as fast surrogates for electromagnetic solvers. Nevertheless, such neural networks can be…

光学 · 物理学 2026-04-14 Viktor A. Lilja , Albin J. Svärdsby , Timo Gahlmann , Philippe Tassin

We develop a model for the coupling of quasi-normal modes in open photonic systems consisting of two resonators. By expressing the modes of the coupled system as a linear combination of the modes of the individual particles, we obtain a…

光学 · 物理学 2016-11-03 Benjamin Vial , Yang Hao

Modal analysis based on the quasi-normal modes (QNM), also called resonant states, has emerged as a promising way for modeling the resonant interaction of light with open optical cavities. However, the fields associated with QNM in open…

光学 · 物理学 2018-08-21 Rémi Colom , Ross McPhedran , Brian Stout , Nicolas Bonod

A quasimodal expansion method (QMEM) is developed to model and understand the scattering properties of arbitrary shaped two-dimensional (2-D) open structures. In contrast with the bounded case which have only discrete spectrum (real in the…

光学 · 物理学 2015-06-17 Benjamin Vial , Frédéric Zolla , André Nicolet , Mireille Commandré

The scattering of electromagnetic waves by resonant systems is determined by the excitation of quasinormal modes (QNMs), i.e., the eigenmodes of the system. This Review addresses three fundamental concepts in relation with the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-03-02 C. Sauvan , T. Wu , R. Zarouf , E. A. Muljarov , P. Lalanne

The resonant mode approximation of the scattering matrix is considered for calculating the optical properties of multilayered periodic structures within the formalism of the Fourier-modal method for two diffraction thresholds in close…

Quasinormal mode (QNM) expansion is a popular tool to analyze light-matter interaction in nanoresonators. However, expanding far-field quantities such as the energy flux is an open problem because QNMs diverge with an increasing distance to…

We report a self-consistent quasinormal mode theory for nanometer scale electromagnetism where the possible nonlocal and quantum effects are treated through quantum surface responses. With Feibelman's frequency-dependent \textit{d}…

光学 · 物理学 2022-04-05 Qiang Zhou , Pu Zhang , Xue-Wen Chen

Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy is a powerful imaging technique for studying materials beyond the diffraction limit. However, interpreting near-field measurements poses challenges in mapping the response of…

We show that for a general system of N s-wave point scatterers, there are always N eigenmodes. These eigenmodes or eigenchannels play the same role as spherical harmonics for a spherically symmetric target--they give a phase shift only. In…

原子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Sheng Li , Eric J. Heller

Electromagnetic resonances play a central role in nanophotonics by enabling efficient confinement of electromagnetic energy and enhanced light-matter interaction. Traditionally, resonant phenomena have been described using platform-specific…

光学 · 物理学 2026-05-15 Ilya Karavaev , Kirill Koshelev , Andrey Bogdanov

Electromagnetic scattering on subwavelength structures keeps attracting attention owing to abroad range of possible applications, where this phenomenon is in use. Fundamental limits of scattering cross-section, being well understood in…

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