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The properties of the quark-gluon medium observed in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions are discussed. The main experimental facts about these collisions are briefly described and compared with data about proton-proton collisions. Both…
The quark-gluon plasma, which is produced at an early stage of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, is expected to be initially strongly populated with chromodynamic fields. We address the question how heavy quarks interact with such a…
A general scheme is proposed here to describe the production of semi soft and soft quarks and gluons that form the bulk of the plasma in ultra relativistic heavy ion collisions. We show how to obtain rates as a function of time in a self…
Substantial collective flow is observed in collisions between large nuclei at RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) as evidenced by single-particle transverse momentum distributions and by azimuthal correlations among the produced…
In nucleus-nucleus collisions at ultra-relativistic energies matter is formed with initial energy density significantly exceeding the critical energy density for the transition from hadronic to partonic matter. We will review the…
We discuss possible experimental signatures of forming a Quark-Gluon plasma in high energy nuclear collisions. In first order phase transitions such as the chiral symmetry restoration supercooling may lead to density fluctuations such as…
We study one-particle spectra and a two-particle correlation function in the 130 GeV/nucleon Au+Au collisions at RHIC by making use of a hydrodynamical model. We calculate the one-particle hadronic spectra and present the first analysis of…
We use quasiparticle anisotropic hydrodynamics to study an azimuthally-symmetric boost-invariant quark-gluon plasma including the effects of both shear and bulk viscosities. In quasiparticle anisotropic hydrodynamics, a single…
Many new particles, mostly hadrons, are produced in high energy collisions between atomic nuclei. The most popular models describing the hadron production process are based on the creation, evolution and decay of resonances, strings or…
The relativistic viscous hydrodynamic description of the quark-gluon plasma by M\"uller-Israel-Stewart formulations has been very successful, but despite this success, these theories present limitations regarding well-posedness and…
The contribution presents a summary of the Gauge/Gravity approach to the study of hydrodynamic flow of the quark-gluon plasma formed in heavy-ion collisions. Considering the ideal case of a supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory for which the…
We derive equations of motion for the reduced density matrix of a heavy quarkonium in contact with a quark-gluon plasma in thermal equilibrium. These equations allow in particular a proper treatment of the regime when the temperature of the…
The dissipative corrections to the hydrodynamic equations describing the evolution of energy-momentum tensor and parton densities are derived in a simple way using the scaling approximation for the expanding quark gluon plasma at finite…
In high-energy heavy-ion collisions, a nearly perfect fluid is formed, known as the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP). After a short thermalization period, the evolution of this medium can be described by the equations of…
Elliptic flow measurements at RHIC suggest that quark gluon plasma flows with very little viscosity compared to weak coupling expectations, challenging theorists to explain why this fluid is so nearly ``perfect''. It is therefore vital to…
In this article, we present a state-of-the-art algorithm for solving the relativistic viscous hydrodynamics equation with the QCD equation of state. The numerical method is based on the second-order Godunov method and has less numerical…
The past fifty years have seen the emergence of a new field of research in physics, the study of matter at extreme temperatures and densities. The theory of strong interactions, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), predicts that in this limit,…
In this contributed chapter, I review our current understanding of the applicability of hydrodynamics to modeling the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), focusing on the question of hydrodynamization/thermalization of the QGP and the anisotropic…
The framework of leading-order anisotropic hydrodynamics is supplemented with realistic equation of state and self-consistent freeze-out prescription. The model is applied to central proton-nucleus collisions. The results are compared to…
QCD kinetic theory simulations are a prominent tool for studying the nonequilibrium initial stages in heavy-ion collisions. Despite their success, all implementations rely on approximations of the hard thermal loop (HTL) screened matrix…