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Many extrasolar (bound) terrestrial planets and free-floating (unbound) planets have been discovered. The existence of bound and unbound terrestrial planets with liquid water is an important question, and of particular importance is the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-16 S. Ueta , T. Sasaki

Astrophysical observations reveal a large diversity of radii and masses of exoplanets. It is important to characterize the interiors of exoplanets to understand planetary diversity and further determine how unique, or not, Earth is.…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-02-06 Caroline Dorn , Dan J. Bower , Antoine B. Rozel

The potential presence of a magma surface below a thick atmosphere primarily composed of hydrogen in some sub-Neptune exoplanets suggests a strong link between the interior composition and atmosphere through chemical coupling of volatile…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-08-22 Elspeth K. H. Lee , Aaron Werlen , Caroline Dorn

For most planets in the range of radii from 1 to 4 R$_{\oplus}$, water is a major component of the interior composition. At high pressure H${}_{2}$O can be solid, but for larger planets, like Neptune, the temperature can be too high for…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2014-03-20 Li Zeng , Dimitar Sasselov

Mass and radius of planets transiting their host stars are provided by radial velocity and photometric observations. Structural models of solid exoplanet interiors are then constructed by using equations of state for the radial density…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2012-11-15 F. Sohl , F. W. Wagner , H. Rauer

We present simulations of atmospheres of Earth-like aquaplanets that are tidally locked to their star, that is, planets whose orbital period is equal to the rotation period about their spin axis, so that one side always faces the star and…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2011-03-11 Timothy M. Merlis , Tapio Schneider

Hot rocky super-Earths are thought to be sufficiently irradiated by their host star to melt their surface and thus allow for long-lasting magma oceans. Some processes have been proposed for such planets to have retained primordial hydrogen…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-01-29 Aurélien Falco , Pascal Tremblin , Sébastien Charnoz , Robert J. Ridgway , Pierre-Olivier Lagage

Robustly modeling the inner edge of the habitable zone is essential for determining the most promising potentially habitable exoplanets for atmospheric characterization. Global climate models (GCMs) have become the standard tool for…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-12-25 Jun Yang , Jeremy Leconte , Eric T. Wolf , Timonthy Merlis , Daniel D. B. Koll , Francois Forget , Dorian S. Abbot

The recent discoveries of terrestrial exoplanets and super-Earths extending over a broad range of orbital and physical parameters suggest that these planets will span a wide range of climatic regimes. Characterization of the atmospheres of…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-15 Yohai Kaspi , Adam P. Showman

Rocky planet atmospheres form and evolve through interactions between the planet's surface and interior. If a growing rocky planet acquires enough mass prior to the dissipation of the nebular gas disk, it can gravitationally capture a…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-10-08 Maggie A. Thompson , Paolo A. Sossi , Dan J. Bower , Anat Shahar , Christian Liebske , Julien Allaz

Context: The long-term carbonate-silicate cycle plays an important role in the evolution of Earth's climate and, therefore, may also be an important mechanism in the evolution of the climates of Earth-like exoplanets. Aims: We investigate…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-05-05 M. Oosterloo , D. Höning , I. E. E. Kamp , F. F. S. van der Tak

The ever-expanding catalog of detected super-Earths calls for theoretical studies of their properties in the case of a substantial water layer. This work considers such water planets with a range of masses and water mass fractions (2 to 5…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-18 Roger Fu , Richard J. OConnell , Dimitar D. Sasselov

In protoplanetary disks, small mm-cm-sized pebbles drift inwards which can aid planetary growth and influence the chemical composition of their natal disks. Gaps in protoplanetary disks can hinder the effective inward transport of pebbles…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-10-30 Mark Eberlein , Bertram Bitsch , Ravit Helled

Aerosols are common in the atmospheres of exoplanets across a wide swath of temperatures, masses, and ages. These aerosols strongly impact observations of transmitted, reflected, and emitted light from exoplanets, obfuscating our…

The first mass-estimate of an exoplanet around a Sun-like star, 51 Peg b and the first radius measurement of an exoplanet, HD209458b pointed to the challenges of understanding the atmosphere, interior, and evolution of exoplanets including…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-12-15 Nadine Nettelmann , Diana Valencia

Planets that form early enough to be embedded in the circumstellar gas disk accumulate thick atmospheres of nebular gas. Models of these atmospheres need to specify the surface luminosity (i.e. energy loss rate) of the planet. This…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-10-10 Florian Ragossnig , Alexander Stökl , Ernst Dorfi , Colin P. Johnstone , Daniel Steiner , Manuel Güdel

Volatile molecules containing hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen are key components of planetary atmospheres. In the pebble accretion model for rocky planet formation, these volatile species are accreted during the main planetary formation…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-03-15 Anders Johansen , Thomas Ronnet , Martin Schiller , Zhengbin Deng , Martin Bizzarro

Previous studies suggested that surface ice could be distributed on close-in terrestrial exoplanets around M-dwarfs if heat redistribution on the planets is very inefficient. In general, orbital and atmospheric parameters play an important…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-05-09 Yueyun Ouyang , Feng Ding

About 4000 exoplanets have been confirmed since the year of 1992, and for most of the planets, the main parameters that can be measured are planetary radius and mass. Based on these two parameters, surface gravity can be estimated. In this…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-10-16 Huanzhou Yang , Jun Yang

Interior compositions are key for our understanding of Earth-like exoplanets. The composition of the core can influence the presence of a magnetic dynamo and the strength of gravity on the planetary surface, both of which heavily impact…