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The Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) is one of the simplest generative neural networks capable of learning input distributions. Despite its simplicity, the analysis of its performance in learning from the training data is only well…

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) provide a powerful approach in neuroscience to infer latent dynamics in neural populations and to generate hypotheses about the neural computations underlying behavior. However, past work has focused on…

The optical domain is a promising field for physical implementation of neural networks, due to the speed and parallelism of optics. Extreme Learning Machines (ELMs) are feed-forward neural networks in which only output weights are trained,…

The inverse-free extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm proposed in [4] was based on an inverse-free algorithm to compute the regularized pseudo-inverse, which was deduced from an inverse-free recursive algorithm to update the inverse of…

Diffusion models have revolutionized generative modeling in continuous domains like image, audio, and video synthesis. However, their iterative sampling process leads to slow generation and inefficient training, challenges that are further…

Variational autoencoders (VAE) often use Gaussian or category distribution to model the inference process. This puts a limit on variational learning because this simplified assumption does not match the true posterior distribution, which is…

Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) are widely used probabilistic undirected graphical models with visible and latent nodes, playing an important role in statistics and machine learning. The task of structure learning for RBMs involves…

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) facilitates the alignment of large language models with human preferences, significantly enhancing the quality of interactions between humans and models. InstructGPT implements RLHF through…

This paper introduces a new generative deep learning network for human motion synthesis and control. Our key idea is to combine recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and adversarial training for human motion modeling. We first describe an…

Boltzmann machines (BMs) are powerful energy-based generative models, but their heavy training cost has largely confined practical use to Restricted BMs (RBMs) trained with an efficient learning method called contrastive divergence. More…

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a vital role in clinical diagnostics, yet it remains hindered by long acquisition times and motion artifacts. Multi-contrast MRI reconstruction has emerged as a promising direction by leveraging…

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are a class of nonlinear dynamical systems often used to model sequence-to-sequence maps. RNNs have excellent expressive power but lack the stability or robustness guarantees that are necessary for many…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been effective for post-training autoregressive (AR) language models, but extending these methods to diffusion language models (DLMs) is challenging due to intractable sequence-level likelihoods. Existing…

In this paper, we quantify the impact of using non-convergent Markov chains to train Energy-Based models (EBMs). In particular, we show analytically that EBMs trained with non-persistent short runs to estimate the gradient can perfectly…

While electroencephalogram (EEG) has been a crucial tool for monitoring the brain and diagnosing neurological disorders (e.g., epilepsy), learning meaningful representations from raw EEG signals remains challenging due to limited…

Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) with low-precision synapses are much appealing with high energy efficiency. However, training RBMs with binary synapses is challenging due to the discrete nature of synapses. Recently Huang proposed one…

Backpropagation learning algorithm, the workhorse of modern artificial intelligence, is notoriously difficult to implement in physical neural networks. Equilibrium Propagation (EP) is an alternative with comparable efficiency and strong…

We consider restricted Boltzmann machine (RBMs) trained over an unstructured dataset made of blurred copies of definite but unavailable ``archetypes'' and we show that there exists a critical sample size beyond which the RBM can learn…

Understanding the intricate operations of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) mechanistically is pivotal for advancing their capabilities and applications. In this pursuit, we propose the Episodic Memory Theory (EMT), illustrating that RNNs…

In many real-world applications, fully-differentiable RNNs such as LSTMs and GRUs have been widely deployed to solve time series learning tasks. These networks train via Backpropagation Through Time, which can work well in practice but…