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Modern SAT solvers have experienced a remarkable progress on solving industrial instances. Most of the techniques have been developed after an intensive experimental process. It is believed that these techniques exploit the underlying…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-03-14 Carlos Ansótegui , Maria Luisa Bonet , Jesús Giráldez-Cru , Jordi Levy , Laurent Simon

Modern CDCL SAT solvers easily solve industrial instances containing tens of millions of variables and clauses, despite the theoretical intractability of the SAT problem. This gap between practice and theory is a central problem in solver…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2021-05-28 Chunxiao Li , Jonathan Chung , Soham Mukherjee , Marc Vinyals , Noah Fleming , Antonina Kolokolova , Alice Mu , Vijay Ganesh

Over the years complexity theorists have proposed many structural parameters to explain the surprising efficiency of conflict-driven clause-learning (CDCL) SAT solvers on a wide variety of large industrial Boolean instances. While some of…

Satisfiability (SAT) solvers based on techniques such as conflict driven clause learning (CDCL) have produced excellent performance on both synthetic and real world industrial problems. While these CDCL solvers only operate on a per-problem…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Yi Fu , Anthony Tompkins , Yang Song , Maurice Pagnucco

One of the most studied models of SAT is random SAT. In this model, instances are composed from clauses chosen uniformly randomly and independently of each other. This model may be unsatisfactory in that it fails to describe various…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2022-02-04 Dina Barak-Pelleg , Daniel Berend , J. C. Saunders

It is crucial to generate crafted SAT formulas with predefined solutions for the testing and development of SAT solvers since many SAT formulas from real-world applications have solutions. Although some generating algorithms have been…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2019-02-27 Yamin Hu , Wenjian Luo , Junteng Wang

Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) is a well-known NP-complete problem. Despite this theoretical hardness, SAT solvers based on Conflict Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) can solve large SAT instances from many important domains. CDCL learns clauses…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-05-12 Md Solimul Chowdhury , Martin Müller , Jia You

Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solvers are widely used in hardware verification, cryptanalysis, automatic test-pattern generation, and side-channel reasoning workflows. Modern conflict-driven clause-learning (CDCL) solvers are highly…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-06 Melki Bino

Over the last two decades, we have seen a dramatic improvement in the efficiency of conflict-driven clause-learning Boolean satisfiability (CDCL SAT) solvers on industrial problems from a variety of domains. The availability of such…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2020-05-28 Saeed Nejati , Vijay Ganesh

Over the past several decades, CDCL SAT solvers have proven remarkably effective on large industrial formulas, despite SAT being NP-complete and widely believed to be intractable. While considerable empirical research has been done on…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Shimin Zhang , Yechuan Xia , Chunxiao Li , Jianwen Li , Moshe Y. Vardi , Vijay Ganesh

There are two competing paradigms in successful SAT solvers: Conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) and stochastic local search (SLS). CDCL uses systematic exploration of the search space and has the ability to learn new clauses. SLS…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2020-05-11 Jan-Hendrik Lorenz , Florian Wörz

The Boolean Satisfiability Problem is perhaps one of the most well-known problems in theoretical computer science. On the one hand, it is proven to be NP-complete, which means that it is generally considered hard to solve. On the other…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Flora Rädiker

The Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) holds a central place in computational complexity theory as the first shown NP-complete problem. Due to this role, SAT is often used as the benchmark for polynomial-time reductions: if a problem can…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Yumiko Nishiyama

Modern conflict-driven clause-learning (CDCL) Boolean SAT solvers provide efficient automatic analysis of real-world feature models (FM) of systems ranging from cars to operating systems. It is well-known that solver-based analysis of…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2015-07-30 Jia Hui Liang , Vijay Ganesh , Venkatesh Raman , Krzysztof Czarnecki

Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) and SAT solvers are critical components in many formal software tools, primarily due to the fact that they are able to easily solve logical problem instances with millions of variables and clauses. This…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2021-09-06 Gereon Kremer , Erika Abraham , Vijay Ganesh

Conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) is a remarkably successful paradigm for solving the satisfiability problem of propositional logic. Instead of a simple depth-first backtracking approach, this kind of solver learns the reason behind…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2022-10-12 Tom Krüger , Jan-Hendrik Lorenz , Florian Wörz

We propose ImitSAT, a branching policy for conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) solvers based on imitation learning for the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT). Unlike previous methods that predict instance-level signals to improve CDCL…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Zewei Zhang , Huan Liu , Yuanhao Yu , Jun Chen , Xiangyu Xu

State-of-the-art SAT solvers are nowadays able to handle huge real-world instances. The key to this success is the so-called Conflict-Driven Clause-Learning (CDCL) scheme, which encompasses a number of techniques that exploit the conflicts…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-02-27 Robert Nieuwenhuis , Albert Oliveras , Enric Rodriguez-Carbonell

Local search preprocessing makes Conflict-Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) solvers faster by providing high-quality starting points and modern SAT solvers have incorporated this technique into their preprocessing steps. However, these tools…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-05 André Schidler , Stefan Szeider

Industrial SAT formula generation is a critical yet challenging task. Existing SAT generation approaches can hardly simultaneously capture the global structural properties and maintain plausible computational hardness. We first present an…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-02-09 Yang Li , Xinyan Chen , Wenxuan Guo , Xijun Li , Wanqian Luo , Junhua Huang , Hui-Ling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Junchi Yan
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