相关论文: Semantics for a Logic of Presuppositions

This paper develops the model theory of normal modal logics based on partial "possibilities" instead of total "worlds," following Humberstone (1981) instead of Kripke (1963). Possibility semantics can be seen as extending to modal logic the…

Counting propositional logic was recently introduced in relation to randomized computation and shown able to logically characterize the full counting hierarchy. In this paper we aim to clarify the intuitive meaning and expressive power of…

As the etymology of the word shows, logic is intimately related to language, as exemplified by the work of philosophers from Antiquity and from the Middle-Age. At the beginning of the XX century, the crisis of the foundations of mathematics…

Tableaux originate as a decision method for a logical language. They can also be extended to obtain a structure that spells out all the information in a set of sentences in terms of truth value assignments to atomic formulas that appear in…

We develop a bottom-up approach to truth-value semantics for classical logic of partial terms based on equality and apply it to prove the conservativity of the addition of partial description and partial selection functions, independently…

We introduce a new semantics for justification logic based on subset relations. Instead of using the established and more symbolic interpretation of justifications, we model justifications as sets of possible worlds. We introduce a new…

Underlying the theory of inferences, a primary task of logic is language analysis. Such a task can be understood as depending on a general theory of representation, taking as a starting point the idea that some entities (`` representations…

We present a propositional logic with fundamental probabilistic semantics, in which each formula is given a real measure in the interval $[0,1]$ that represents its degree of truth. This semantics replaces the binarity of classical logic,…

Logical formalisms provide a natural and concise means for specifying and reasoning about preferences. In this paper, we propose lexicographic logic, an extension of classical propositional logic that can express a variety of preferences,…

Defeasible statements are statements that are likely, or probable, or usually true, but may occasionally be false. Plausible reasoning makes conclusions from statements that are either facts or defeasible statements without using numbers.…

A number of writers(Joseph Halpern and Fahiem Bacchus among them) have offered semantics for formal languages in which inferences concerning probabilities can be made. Our concern is different. This paper provides a formalization of…

Logic has its origins in basic questions about the nature of the real world and how we describe it. This article seeks to bring out the physical and epistemological relevance of some of the more recent technical work in logic and…

The development of logic has largely been through the 'deductive' paradigm: conclusions are inferred from established premisses. However, the use of logic in the context of both human and machine reasoning is typically through the dual…

Within classical propositional logic, assigning probabilities to formulas is shown to be equivalent to assigning probabilities to valuations. A novel notion of probabilistic entailment enjoying desirable properties of logical consequence is…

There is knowledge. There is belief. And there is tacit agreement.' 'We may talk about objects. We may talk about attributes of the objects. Or we may talk both about objects and their attributes.' This work inspects tacit agreements on…

Smarandache (2003) introduced a new set-valued fuzzy logic called (nonstandard) neutrosophic logic by using Robinson's nonstandard analysis. However, its definition involved many errors including the illegal use of nonstandard analysis. In…

This note is concerned with a formal analysis of the problem of non-monotonic reasoning in intelligent systems, especially when the uncertainty is taken into account in a quantitative way. A firm connection between logic and probability is…

A classical reconstruction of Wright's first-order logic of strict finitism is presented. Strict finitism is a constructive standpoint of mathematics that is more restrictive than intuitionism. Wright sketched the semantics of said logic in…

In the same sense as classical logic is a formal theory of truth, the recently initiated approach called computability logic is a formal theory of computability. It understands (interactive) computational problems as games played by a…

The first contribution of this paper is the presentation of a Pavelka - like formulation of possibilistic logic in which the language is naturally enriched by two connectives which represent negation (eg) and a new type of conjunction…