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Entropy can signify different things: For instance, heat transfer in thermodynamics or a measure of information in data analysis. Many entropies have been introduced and it can be difficult to ascertain their different importance and…

数学物理 · 物理学 2025-07-10 Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen , Piergiulio Tempesta

We define a thermostatic system to be a convex space of states together with a concave function sending each state to its entropy, which is an extended real number. This definition applies to classical thermodynamics, classical statistical…

数学物理 · 物理学 2023-02-13 John C. Baez , Owen Lynch , Joe Moeller

We consider the notion of thermal equilibrium for an individual closed macroscopic quantum system in a pure state, i.e., described by a wave function. The macroscopic properties in thermal equilibrium of such a system, determined by its…

统计力学 · 物理学 2015-09-09 Sheldon Goldstein , David A. Huse , Joel L. Lebowitz , Roderich Tumulka

A model computational quantum thermodynamic network is constructed with two variable temperature baths coupled by a linker system, with an asymmetry in the coupling of the linker to the two baths. It is found in computational simulations…

统计力学 · 物理学 2021-11-10 Phillip C. Lotshaw , Michael E. Kellman

Thermodynamic quantities of the hard-sphere system in the steady state with a small heat flux are calculated within the continuous media approach. Analytical expressions for pressure, internal energy, and entropy are found in the…

统计力学 · 物理学 2017-02-13 Y. A. Humenyuk

Internal energy, enthalpy and entropy are the key quantities to study thermodynamic properties of the moist atmosphere, because they correspond to the First (internal energy and enthalpy) and Second (entropy) Laws of thermodynamics. The aim…

大气与海洋物理 · 物理学 2015-10-13 Pascal Marquet , Jean-François Geleyn

Quantum measurement of a system can change its mean energy, as well as entropy. A selective measurement (classical or quantum) can be used as a "Maxwell's demon" to power a single-temperature heat engine, by decreasing the entropy. Quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2010-11-05 Noam Erez

Heat flow between a large ``bath'' and a smaller system brings them progressively closer to thermal equilibrium while increasing their entropy. Deviations from this trend are fluctuations involving a small fraction of a statistical ensemble…

量子物理 · 物理学 2008-04-15 Noam Erez , Goren Gordon , Mathias Nest , Gershon Kurizki

In this thesis, we present and discuss the quantum statistical foundations of relativistic hydrodynamics with special emphasis on the entropy current. We show that it is possible to provide a rigorous definition for this quantity in the…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2021-10-18 Davide Rindori

We formulate a thermodynamic theory applicable to both classical and quantum systems. These systems are depicted as thermodynamic system-bath models capable of handling isothermal, isentropic, thermostatic, and entropic processes. Our…

统计力学 · 物理学 2024-06-25 Shoki Koyanagi , Yoshitaka Tanimura

For the Fermi gas filling the space inside a cubic cavity of a fixed volume, at arbitrary temperatures and number of particles, the thermodynamic characteristics are calculated, namely: entropy, thermodynamic potential, energy, pressure,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-08-08 Yu. M. Poluektov , A. A. Soroka

Thermodynamics can be formulated in either of two approaches, the phenomenological approach, which refers to the macroscopic properties of systems, and the statistical approach, which describes systems in terms of their microscopic…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-05-01 Mirjam Weilenmann , Lea Krämer Gabriel , Philippe Faist , Renato Renner

We analyze several approaches to the thermodynamics of tachyon matter. The energy spectrum of tachyons $\epsilon_k=\sqrt{k^2-m^2}$ is defined at $k\geq m$ and it is not evident how to determine the tachyonic distribution function and…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2011-10-04 Ernst Trojan

Microcanonical thermodynamics allows the application of statistical mechanics both to finite and even small systems and also to the largest, self-gravitating ones. However, one must reconsider the fundamental principles of statistical…

统计力学 · 物理学 2009-11-11 D. H. E. Gross , J. F. Kenney

A microscopic definition of the thermodynamic entropy in an isolated quantum system must satisfy (i) additivity, (ii) extensivity and (iii) the second law of thermodynamics. We show that the diagonal entropy, which is the Shannon entropy in…

统计力学 · 物理学 2015-03-30 Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda , Naoyuki Sakumichi , Anatoli Polkovnikov , Masahito Ueda

The theory of quantum thermodynamics investigates how the concepts of heat, work, and temperature can be carried over to the quantum realm, where fluctuations and randomness are fundamentally unavoidable. Of particular practical relevance…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-09-23 Patrick P. Potts

Several recent results on thermodynamics have been obtained using the tools of quantum information theory and resource theories. So far, the resource theories utilised to describe thermodynamics have assumed the existence of an infinite…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-11-16 Carlo Sparaciari , Jonathan Oppenheim , Tobias Fritz

Systems at finite temperature make up the vast majority of realistic physical scenarios. Indeed, although zero temperature is often accompanied by simpler mathematics, the richness in physical results is evident when one considers the…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2020-05-29 Gonçalo M. Quinta

Universality of classical thermodynamics rests on the central limit theorem, due to which, measurements of thermal fluctuations are unable to reveal detailed information regarding the microscopic structure of a macroscopic body. When small…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-02-28 Lucas Chibebe Céleri , Łukasz Rudnicki

I give a quick overview of some of the theoretical background necessary for using modern non-equilibrium statistical physics to investigate the thermodynamics of computation. I first present some of the necessary concepts from information…

统计力学 · 物理学 2019-06-20 David H. Wolpert