相关论文: Changing a semantics: opportunism or courage?
Substitutions play a crucial role in a wide range of contexts, from analyzing the dynamics of social opinions and conducting mathematical computations to engaging in game-theoretical analysis. For many situations, considering one-step…
It is well known that dependence logic captures the complexity class NP, and it has recently been shown that inclusion logic captures P on ordered models. These results demonstrate that team semantics offers interesting new possibilities…
In the philosophical tradition of `analytic pragmatism', which attempts to account for linguistic meanings in terms of their practices of use, logical expressivism is a theory which offers a distinct perspective on logic. We shed light on…
During the ongoing debate over the representation of uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Cheeseman, Lemmer, Pearl, and others have argued that probability theory, and in particular the Bayesian theory, should be used as the basis for…
Probabilistic programming languages and modeling toolkits are two modular ways to build and reuse stochastic models and inference procedures. Combining strengths of both, we express models and inference as generalized coroutines in the same…
Generic ontologies were introduced as an extension (Generic DOL) of the Distributed Ontology, Modeling and Specification Language, DOL, with the aim to provide a language for Generic Ontology Design Patterns. In this paper we present a…
We establish a categorical framework relating two canonical model constructions in first-order logic: the Henkin construction and compactness-based constructions via ultraproducts or saturation. By introducing a globally fixed set of Henkin…
The last decade has seen huge progress in the development of advanced machine learning models; however, those models are powerless unless human users can interpret them. Here we show how the mind's construction of concepts and meaning can…
Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited considerable cross-lingual generalization abilities, whereby they implicitly transfer knowledge across languages. However, the transfer is not equally successful for all languages, especially for…
A new notion of typicality for arbitrary probability measures on standard Borel spaces is proposed, which encompasses the classical notions of weak and strong typicality as special cases. Useful lemmas about strong typical sets, including…
Intent, a critical cognitive notion and mental state, is ubiquitous in human communication and problem-solving. Accurately understanding the underlying intent behind questions is imperative to reasoning towards correct answers. However,…
Given the intractably large size of the space of proofs, any model that is capable of general deductive reasoning must generalize to proofs of greater complexity. Recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs) possess some…
Abstraction is a powerful idea widely used in science, to model, reason and explain the behavior of systems in a more tractable search space, by omitting irrelevant details. While notions of abstraction have matured for deterministic…
Despite their tremendous success in many applications, large language models often fall short of consistent reasoning and planning in various (language, embodied, and social) scenarios, due to inherent limitations in their inference,…
Reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence that plays a crucial role in activities such as problem solving, decision making, and critical thinking. In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in…
When faced with the question of how to represent properties in a formal proof system any user has to make design decisions. We have proved three of the theorems from Maskin's 2004 survey article on Auction Theory using the Isabelle/HOL…
Decision Focused Learning has emerged as a critical paradigm for integrating machine learning with downstream optimisation. Despite its promise, existing methodologies predominantly rely on probabilistic models and focus narrowly on task…
We give a new elementary proof of the main theorem of [Fef12]: Quantifiers implicitly definable in pure second-order logic equipped with Henkin semantics implies are (explicitly) definable in first-order logic.
Large Language Models (LLMs) have made rapid progress in recent months and weeks, garnering significant public attention. This has sparked concerns about aligning these models with human values, their impact on labor markets, and the…
In this paper, the second of two companion pieces, we explore novel philosophical questions raised by recent progress in large language models (LLMs) that go beyond the classical debates covered in the first part. We focus particularly on…