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Crowd dynamics and many large biological systems can be described as populations of agents or particles, which can only be observed on aggregate population level. Identifying the dynamics of agents is crucial for understanding these large…

In many realistic systems, maximum entropy principle (MEP) analysis provides an effective characterization of the probability distribution of network states. However, to implement the MEP analysis, a sufficiently long-time data recording in…

Flocks of birds, schools of fish, insects swarms are examples of coordinated motion of a group that arises spontaneously from the action of many individuals. Here, we study flocking behavior from the viewpoint of multi-agent reinforcement…

Quantifying animal interactions is crucial for understanding various ecological processes, including social community structures, predator-prey dynamics, spreading of pathogens and information. Despite the ubiquity of interaction processes…

Social insect colonies and ensemble machine learning methods represent two of the most successful examples of decentralized information processing in nature and computation respectively. Here we develop a rigorous mathematical framework…

Living in groups brings benefits to many animals, such as a protection against predators and an improved capacity for sensing and making decisions while searching for resources in uncertain environments. A body of studies has shown how…

The quest on how to collectively self-organize in order to maximize the survival chances of the members of a social group requires finding an optimal compromise between maximizing the well-being of an individual and that of the group. Here…

We investigate how the pattern of contacts between species in mutualistic ecosystems is affected by the phylogenetic proximity between the species of each guild. We develop a dynamical model geared to establish the role of such proximity in…

There is substantial interest in the effect of human mobility patterns on opportunistic communications. Inspired by recent work revisiting some of the early evidence for a L\'evy flight foraging strategy in animals, we analyse datasets on…

Ecological interaction networks are rarely homogeneous: species naturally form communities with distinct interaction structures, resulting in block-structured variance and correlation profiles in the interaction matrix. We study the…

The remarkable cohesion and coordination observed in moving animal groups and their collective responsiveness to threats are thought to be mediated by scale-free correlations, where changes in the behavior of one animal influence others in…

Coarse-grained descriptions of collective motion of flocking systems are often derived for the macroscopic or the thermodynamic limit. However, many real flocks are small sized (10 to 100 individuals), called the mesoscopic scales, where…

One of the fundamental problems in biology concerns the method by which a cluster of organisms can regulate the proportion of individuals that perform various roles or modes as if each individual knows a whole situation without a leader. A…

It is highly believed that the individuals' mobility plays an important role in phase transition in animal collective motion. Here, we propose a model to study the effects of individuals' mobility in a distributed animal collective…

We analyze the role of the Allee effect, a positive correlation between population density and mean individual fitness, for ecological communities formed by a large number of species. Our study is performed using the generalized…

We present a strategy capable of describing basic features of the dynamics of crowds. The behaviour of the crowd is considered from a twofold perspective. We examine both the large scale behaviour of the crowd, and phenomena happening at…

Local interactions, when individuals meet, can regulate collective behavior. In a system without any central control, the rate of interaction may depend simply on how the individuals move around. But interactions could in turn influence…

The monitoring of animal movement patterns provides insights into animals decision-making behaviour. It is generally assumed that high-resolution data are needed to extract meaningful behavioural patterns, which potentially limits the…

Mutualistic networks are formed when the interactions between two classes of species are mutually beneficial. They are important examples of cooperation shaped by evolution. Mutualism between animals and plants plays a key role in the…

Animal groups frequently move in a highly organized manner, as represented by flocks of birds and schools of fish. Despite being an everyday occurrence, we do not yet fully understand how this works. What type of social interactions between…