相关论文: How the Voynich Manuscript was created

We define a notion of randomness for individual and collections of formal languages based on automatic martingales acting on sequences of words from some underlying domain. An automatic martingale bets if the incoming word belongs to the…

In this paper we introduce the AMADEUS strategy, which has been used to produce scientific writing tools for non-native users of English for 15 years, and emphasize a learn-by-doing approach through which students and novice writers can…

The Indus script is one of the major undeciphered scripts of the ancient world. The small size of the corpus, the absence of bilingual texts, and the lack of definite knowledge of the underlying language has frustrated efforts at…

The Winograd Schema Challenge is both a commonsense reasoning and natural language understanding challenge, introduced as an alternative to the Turing test. A Winograd schema is a pair of sentences differing in one or two words with a…

Automated label generation for clusters of scientific documents is a common task in bibliometric workflows. Traditionally, labels were formed by concatenating distinguishing characteristics of a cluster's documents; while straightforward,…

Forensic handwriting examination is a branch of Forensic Science that aims to examine handwritten documents in order to properly define or hypothesize the manuscript's author. These analysis involves comparing two or more (digitized)…

This paper presents work on novel machine translation (MT) systems between spoken and signed languages, where signed languages are represented in SignWriting, a sign language writing system. Our work seeks to address the lack of…

Over the past decade, machine learning methods have given us driverless cars, voice recognition, effective web search, and a much better understanding of the human genome. Machine learning is so common today that it is used dozens of times…

In introductions to the subject for a general audience of mathematicians or logicians, the univalence axiom is typically explained by handwaving. This gives rise to several misconceptions, which cannot be properly addressed in the absence…

We propose a general method for automated word puzzle generation. Contrary to previous approaches in this novel field, the presented method does not rely on highly structured datasets obtained with serious human annotation effort: it only…

We address the task of explaining relationships between two scientific documents using natural language text. This task requires modeling the complex content of long technical documents, deducing a relationship between these documents, and…

Handling large corpuses of documents is of significant importance in many fields, no more so than in the areas of crime investigation and defence, where an organisation may be presented with a large volume of scanned documents which need to…

Written language is complex. A written text can be considered an attempt to convey a meaningful message which ends up being constrained by language rules, context dependence and highly redundant in its use of resources. Despite all these…

When using a third language to construct a bilingual dictionary, it is necessary to discriminate equivalencies from inappropriate words derived as a result of ambiguity in the third language. We propose a method to treat this by utilizing…

An important component of achieving language understanding is mastering the composition of sentence meaning, but an immediate challenge to solving this problem is the opacity of sentence vector representations produced by current neural…

The oldest (c. 4000 BC) undeciphered language is the Old European Script known from approximately 940 inscribed objects (82% of inscriptions on pottery) found in excavations in the Vinca-Tordos region Transylvania. Also, it is not known for…

Writing is a complex non-linear process that begins with a mental model of intent, and progresses through an outline of ideas, to words on paper (and their subsequent refinement). Despite past research in understanding writing, Web-scale…

We describe Machine-Aided Script Curator (MASC), a system for human-machine collaborative script authoring. Scripts produced with MASC include (1) English descriptions of sub-events that comprise a larger, complex event; (2) event types for…

Inquisitive probing questions come naturally to humans in a variety of settings, but is a challenging task for automatic systems. One natural type of question to ask tries to fill a gap in knowledge during text comprehension, like reading a…

Thousands of complex natural language questions are submitted to community question answering websites on a daily basis, rendering them as one of the most important information sources these days. However, oftentimes submitted questions are…